(a)
Interpretation:
The notation for the valence shell configuration (including outermost d-electrons) of alkali metals has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Electronic configuration: The electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.
Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals. The increasing order of orbital energy is
The energy order of the orbital for the first three periods is as follows,
The orbital which is closer to the nucleus has lower energy; therefore the
In general, the orbitals can hold maximum of two electrons, the two electrons must have opposite spin.
The subshell ordering by Aufbau principle is given below,
(b)
Interpretation:
The notation for the valence shell configuration (including outermost d-electrons) of group
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(c)
Interpretation:
The notation for the valence shell configuration (including outermost d-electrons) of group
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(d)
Interpretation:
The notation for the valence shell configuration (including outermost d-electrons) of coinage metals (copper, silver, gold) has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
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Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight
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