(a)
Interpretation:
The atom with smaller ionization energy among calcium and magnesium has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Ionization energy:
The ionization energy of an atom is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from the gaseous form of that atom or ion.
Second Ionization energy:
The energy required to remove a second electron from a singly charged gaseous cation is called as second ionization energy.
Example:
The second Ionization energy of sodium is
The second Ionization energy is almost ten times greater than the first ionization energy because the number of electrons causing repulsions is reduced.
(b)
Interpretation:
The atom with smaller ionization energy among magnesium and sodium has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(c)
Interpretation:
The atom with smaller ionization energy among sodium and aluminium has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
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Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight
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