Fluid Mechanics
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780073398273
Author: Frank M. White
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 1.47P
Data for the apparent viscosity of average human blood, at normal body temperature of 37°C, varies with shear strain rate, as shown in the following table.
| Strain rate, s-1 | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1000 |
| Apparent viscosity, kg/(m • s) | 0.011 | 0.009 | 0.006 | 0.004 |
(a) Is blood a nonticwtonian fluid? (b) If so, what type of fluid is it? (c) How do these viscosities compare with plain water at 37°C?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
A- Womersley number (a) of a human aorta is 20 and for the rabbit aorta is 17, the blood density is approximately the same across the species. The values of viscosity were 0.0035 Ns/m² for the human and 0.0040 Ns/m² for the rabbit. The diameter of the aorta is 2.0 cm for the man, and 0.7 cm for the rabbit, estimate the heart rate beats per minute (bpm) for both species
The Table below shows the following data for a fluid to be constant temperature:
du/dy (rad*s-1)
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
(N*m-2)
1,0
1,9
3,1
4,0
(a) Determine the behavior of the fluid and its viscosity.
(b) Explain why the viscosity of a liquid decreases while the viscosity of a gas increases with increasing temperature.
Saturated steam at 99.6 °C is heated to 350°C. Use the steam table provided to determine:
a. The required heat input if 1 kg of steam undergoes the process in a variable-volume constant-pressure container.
b. The work of expansion (in kJ) of the steam undergoing the process.
C. The required heat input if a continuous stream flowing at 1 kg/s undergoes the process at constant pressure.
d. Does your numeric answer to part c equal the sum of parts b and a? Explain why or why not.
Given: 1 bar =
10 N/m4, Q= AH, Q = AU, AA = AÛ + PAV, table B.7 in kJ/kg and m/kg.
Chapter 1 Solutions
Fluid Mechanics
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.1PCh. 1 - Table A.6 lists the density of the standard...Ch. 1 - For the triangular element in Fig, P1.3,show that...Ch. 1 - Sand, and other granular materials, appear to...Ch. 1 - The mean free path of a gas, l, is defined as the...Ch. 1 - Henri Darcy, a French engineer, proposed that the...Ch. 1 - Convert the following inappropriate quantities...Ch. 1 - Suppose we know little about the strength of...Ch. 1 - A hemispherical container, 26 inches in diameter,...Ch. 1 - The Stokes-Oseen formula [33] for drag force F on...
Ch. 1 - P1.11 In English Engineering units, the specific...Ch. 1 - For low-speed (laminar) steady flow through a...Ch. 1 - The efficiency ? of a pump is defined as the...Ch. 1 - Figure P1.14 shows the flow of water over a dam....Ch. 1 - The height H that fluid rises in a liquid...Ch. 1 - Algebraic equations such as Bernoulli's relation,...Ch. 1 - The Hazen-Williams hydraulics formula for volume...Ch. 1 - For small particles at low velocities, the first...Ch. 1 - In his study of the circular hydraulic jump formed...Ch. 1 - Books on porous media and atomization claim that...Ch. 1 - Aeronautical engineers measure the pitching moment...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.22PCh. 1 - During World War II, Sir Geoffrey Taylor, a...Ch. 1 - Air, assumed to be an ideal gas with k = 1.40,...Ch. 1 - On a summer day in Narragansett, Rhode Island, the...Ch. 1 - When we in the United States say a car's tire is...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.27PCh. 1 - Wet atmospheric air at 100 percent relative...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.29PCh. 1 - P1.30 Repeat Prob. 1.29 if the tank is filled with...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.31PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.32PCh. 1 - A tank contai as 9 kg of CO2at 20°C and 2.0 MPa....Ch. 1 - Consider steam at the following state near the...Ch. 1 - In Table A.4, most common gases (air, nitrogen,...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.36PCh. 1 - A near-ideal gas has a molecular weight of 44 and...Ch. 1 - In Fig. 1.7, if the fluid is glycerin at 20°C and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.39PCh. 1 - Glycerin at 20°C fills the space between a hollow...Ch. 1 - An aluminum cylinder weighing 30 N, 6 cm in...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.42PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.43PCh. 1 - One type of viscometer is simply a long capillary...Ch. 1 - A block of weight W slides down an inclined plane...Ch. 1 - A simple and popular model for two nonnewtonian...Ch. 1 - Data for the apparent viscosity of average human...Ch. 1 - A thin plate is separated from two fixed plates by...Ch. 1 - An amazing number of commercial and laboratory...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.50PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.51PCh. 1 - The belt in Fig. P1.52 moves at a steady velocity...Ch. 1 - A solid tune of angle 2 , base r0, and density...Ch. 1 - A disk of radius R rotates at an angular velocity ...Ch. 1 - A block of weight W is being pulled over a table...Ch. 1 - The device in Fig. P1.56 is called a cone-plate...Ch. 1 - Extend the steady flow between a fixed lower plate...Ch. 1 - The laminar pipe flow example of Prob. 1.12 can be...Ch. 1 - A solid cylinder of diameter D, length L, and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.60PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.61PCh. 1 - P1.62 The hydrogen bubbles that produced the...Ch. 1 - Derive Eq. (1.33) by making a force balance on the...Ch. 1 - Pressure in a water container can be measured by...Ch. 1 - The system in Fig. P1.65 is used to calculate the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.66PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.67PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.68PCh. 1 - A solid cylindrical needle of diameter d, length...Ch. 1 - Derive an expression for the capillary height...Ch. 1 - A soap bubble of diameter D1coalesces with another...Ch. 1 - Early mountaineers boiled water to estimate their...Ch. 1 - A small submersible moves al velocity V, in fresh...Ch. 1 - Oil, with a vapor pressure of 20 kPa, is delivered...Ch. 1 - An airplane flies at 555 mi/h. At what altitude in...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.76PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.77PCh. 1 - P1.78 Sir Isaac Newton measured the speed of sound...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.79PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.80PCh. 1 - Use Eq. (1.39) to find and sketch the streamlines...Ch. 1 - P1.82 A velocity field is given by u = V cos, v =...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.83PCh. 1 - In the early 1900s, the British chemist Sir Cyril...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.85PCh. 1 - A right circular cylinder volume v is to be...Ch. 1 - The absolute viscosity of a fluid is primarily a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.2FEEPCh. 1 - Helium has a molecular weight of 4.003. What is...Ch. 1 - An oil has a kinematic viscosity of 1.25 E-4 m2/s...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.5FEEPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.6FEEPCh. 1 - FE1.7 Two parallel plates, one moving at 4 m/s...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.8FEEPCh. 1 - A certain water flow at 20°C has a critical...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.10FEEPCh. 1 - Sometimes we can develop equations and solve...Ch. 1 - When a person ice skates, the surface of the ice...Ch. 1 - Two thin flat plates, tilted at an angle a, are...Ch. 1 - Oil of viscosity and density drains steadily...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.5CPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.6CPCh. 1 - Prob. 1.7CPCh. 1 -
C1.8 A mechanical device that uses the rotating...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.9CPCh. 1 - A popular gravity-driven instrument is the...Ch. 1 - Mott [Ref. 49, p. 38] discusses a simple...Ch. 1 - A solid aluminum disk (SG = 2.7) is 2 in in...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, mechanical-engineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Why does the viscosity of a gas generally decrease with decreasing temperature whereas for a liquid its viscosity generally increases? Calculate and plot using Matlab the variation in the coefficient of dynamic viscosity of air in USC units from 35•F to 120•F. Sutherland's Law can be expressed as T 1.5 To+S То T+Sarrow_forwardA well with 4 in. radius produces oil with a viscosity of0.3 cP, at a rate of 200 barrels/day, from a reservoir that is 15 ft.thick. The pressure in the wellbore as a function of time is: t (mins) 1 5 10 20 30 60 Pw(psi) 4740 4667 4633 4596 4573 4535 Use the "semi-log straight line" method to estimate the permeability, Karrow_forwardThe pulmonary artery, which pumps blood from the heart to the lungs, has an inner radius of 18.8 mm and is 4.82 cm long. If the pressure drop between the heart and lungs is 1,275 Pa, what is the volume flow rate of blood in the pulmonary artery? Give your answer in cm3/s with two digits of precision. The viscosity of blood at 37°C is 2.1 x 103 Pa s. Your Answer: Answerarrow_forward
- valg, (21535mm 1.15 The pressure difference, Ap, across a partial blockage in an artery (called a stenosis) is approximated by the equation μV Ap - K. 4 + K.(A-1) pv² = K₂ A s.r to zogy nish190 32\V as bonb dignol a 3 basiy noft where V is the blood velocity, u the blood viscosity (FL-2T), p the blood density (ML), D the artery diameter, Ao the area of the unobstructed artery, and A, the area of the stenosis. Determine the dimensions of the constants K, and K. Would this equation be valid in any system of units?arrow_forwardThe kinematic viscosity of liquid oil is 20 stoke and relative density = 0.85. Find the dynamic viscosity of this liquid oil in Sl and British systems. (1 stoke = 1 cm/s, 1m 3.28 ft, 1ft 30.48 cm and 1kg = 2.2 lb). Choose the correct answer: a- In SI system 25 kg/m.s and in British system 16.6 Ib/ft.s b- In SI System 17 kg/m.s and in British system 1.17 Ib/ft.s c- In Sl system 20 kg/m.s and in British system 8.15 Ib/ft.sarrow_forwardSpecimen Length: 0.1 m Specimen Surface Area: 0.11 m² Table 3(b): Air velocity V = 3.0 m/s Heater Plate Power, Q temperature, (Watts) TH (°C) 20 40 60 54.5 68.4 86.7 Ambient Temperature, TA (°C) 23.3 23.3 23.3 Temperature Difference, TH-TA (°C) 31.2 45.1 63.4 h (W/m²K)arrow_forward
- In this lab we will drop a steel ball (Psteel = 8000 kg/m³, rball = 2.18 x10³ m) through the air (Nair = 1.8 x105 Pa.s, Pair = 1.29 kg/m³), and through a viscous soap solution (Nsoap = 9.0 Pa.s [you will measure this number in the lab, but use this number for the prelab], Psoap = 1000 kg/m³). %3D 1 Pa = 1 N/m?. Calculate the terminal speed of the ball falling through the air, assuming that inertial drag is the dominant contributor. (For a sphere CD = and A is the area of the circle of radius r of the ball). Neglecting drag, estimate the time in seconds it takes for the steel ball to reach the terminal speed found in part 2 (i). Neglecting drag, estimate how far the ball would have travelled before reaching its terminal speed and comment on whether it is reasonable to neglect drag when studying the motion of this ball as it falls through the air from rest from the top of a 30 cm tall beaker or even from the ceiling of the room. Neglecting drag it would take 36 m to reach the terminal…arrow_forwardAn airplane that has a cross-sectional diameter D = 4 m of the front portion is to fly at a speed of 600 km/hr in air that has a density of 1.1 kg/m and dynamic viscosity of 1.27 x 10 Pa.s. A small size model of scale ratio (1/17) to be tested in a different fluid that has a dynamic viscosity 5 x 105 Pa .s and a density of 500 kg/m2. It is determined that the parameters that are important for this test are: diameter D, density, viscosity, velocity V, the length of the wings L and the drag force F. What must be the speed (m/s) of the model to Choose... ensure dynamical similitude? What must be the corresponding diameter of the model (cm)? Choose.. What is the number/s of dimensionless groups for this problem? Choose...arrow_forward1) At any time, approximately 20 volcanoes are actively erupting on the Earth, and 50–70 volcanoes erupt each year. Over the past 100 years, an average of 850 people have died each year from volcano eruptions. As scientists and engineers study the mechanics of lava flow, accurately predicting the flow rate (velocity) of the lava is critical to saving lives after an eruption. Jeffrey's equation captures the relationship between flow rate and viscosity as: Flow V = Pgt sin(@) 28 сm 10 where p is the density of the lava, g is gravity, t is the flow thickness, a is the slope, and u is the lava viscosity. Typical values are given as follows for the flow rate: u= 4x103 kg/(m.s) ±1% p= 2.5 g/cm³ ±1% t= 28 cm +0.5 cm a= 10° +1 ° g= 9.81 m/s? Determine the likely maximum possible error in the calculated value of the flow rate.arrow_forward
- A laboratory capillary pressure test was conducted on a core sample taken from the Nameless Field. The core has a porosity and permeability of 16% and 80 md, respectively. The capillary pressure-saturation data are given as follows: Sw Per psi 1.0 0.50 0.8 0.60 0.6 0.75 0.4 1.05 0.2 1.75 The interfacial tension is measured at 50 dynes/cm. Further reservoir engineering analysis indicated that the reservoir is better described at a porosity value of 19% and an absolute permeability of 120 md. Generate the capillary pressure data for the reservoir. Sw Pc,old Pc,new 1 0.5 0.15 0.8 0.6 0.17 0.6 0.75 0.22 0.4 1.05 0.31 0.2 1.75 0.51arrow_forwardSurface tension is due to uneven molecular attraction between immiscible fluid media and solid surface. Its importance is governed by dimensionless parameter Which of the Inertia force called Weber number given by We = Surface tension force™ following statements are correct? (i) Surface tension becomes important when the length scale L is small such as in ink jet printing, coating of thin film, oxygenation of water by falling rain drops. (ii) 111 Super-hydrophobicity can be achieved by micro/nano texturing of surface such as in lotus leave, butterfly and dragonfly wing. During oil spill in ocean, oil floats and spreads out due to gravity. By conservation of mass, the oil film becomes thinner as it spreads. Finally, the surface tension force becomes important causing the formation of tiny oil droplets. (A) (B) (C) (D) (i) and (ii) (i) and (iii) (ii) and (iii) All of the abovearrow_forwardThe heat flux for stable film boiling on the outside of a horizontal cylinder or sphere of diameter D, in m, is given below. What should be the value of "n", for the equation above to be dimensionally consistent? Use dimensional analysis: q=heat flux, W m² W k = thermal conductivity of vapor, 'm °C hgf - [g kỷ Pv(P₁ − Pv)[hfg + 0.4 Cpv (Ts − Tsat)]] à = Cf MyD (Ts - Tsat) Pv = density of vapor, P₁ = density of liquid,- kg m³ kg 'm³ Cpv = enthalpy of vaporization, kg g = gravitatioinal acceleration, C = experimental constant, dimensionless m J kg °C Ts = surface temperature of the heater, °C Tsat = saturation temperature of vapor, °C kg Hv = viscosity of vapor, ms = specific hear of vapor, (Ts - Tsat)arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781305387102
Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Unit Conversion the Easy Way (Dimensional Analysis); Author: ketzbook;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HRe1mire4Gc;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY