Consider the tube and inlet conditions of Problem 1.36.Heat transfer at a rate of
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- 7.43 Liquid sodium is to be heated from 500 K to 600 K by passing it at a flow rate of 5.0 kg/s through a 5-cmID tube whose surface is maintained at 620 K. What length of tube is required?arrow_forwardSteam generators are a type of heat exchanges that are used in power plants to generate steam at desired pressure and temperature (Fig. Q1.b). In a steam generator, saturated liquid water at 30°C enters a 60-mm diameter tube at the volume flow rate of 12 L/s. After exchanging heat with hot gas, the water changes to steam and leaves the generator at a pressure of 9 MPa and a temperature of 400°C. During this process, the diameter of the water/steam tube does not change. (iv) Calculate the rate of heat transfer (in MW) required to change the phase of liquid water to steam.arrow_forwardTwo water reservoirs A and B are connected through a 40-m long, 2-cm diameter cast iron pipe with a sharp-edged entrance. The pipe also involves a swing check valve and a fully open gate valve. The water level in both reservoirs is the same, but reservoir A is pressurized by compressed air while reservoir B is open to the atmosphere at 88 kPa. The water temperature is 10°C. a. If the initial flow rate through the pipe is 1.2 L/s, determine the absolute air pressure on top of reservoir A. b. Determine the pressure just before the valvearrow_forward
- Heat transfers Air is to be heated from 15 C to 270 C, as it flows through a tube 25mm diameter at average velocity 30 m/s. The tube surface is maintained at 280 C and the air is to be provided at rate 0.013 kg/s. Take the water properties k=0.0336 W/m.C , υ = 25.9× 10-6 m2/s , Cp=1.014 kJ/kg.C , ρ = 0.8826 kg/ m3 , Pr=0.689 . Determine the following The necessary tube length Heat transfer coefficient Heat transfer ratearrow_forwardSteam is used to heat a cylindrical open tank of water until it boils, after which a proportion of the water in the tank is vaporised. The tank has an internal diameter of 1 m and is initially filled with water to a depth of 2 m. At the start of the process, this water is at 19°C and has a density of 998 kg/m3 . It may be assumed that ambient atmospheric pressure is 1 bar and that any effects arising from hydrostatic head can be ignored, as can heat losses from the tank to the surrounding environment. The heating medium is saturated steam at 5 bar, which enters a heating coil at the base of the tank at 5 kg/min, loses heat to the water in the tank and condenses to form saturated liquid condensate at this pressure. Using the steam table supplied: a) Find the temperature (°C) and power rating (kW) of the heater coil. b) Find the boiling point of the water in the tank under these conditions, and the time required to bring the water to this temperature. c) Find the proportion of water…arrow_forwardLiquid bismuth flows at a rate of 4.5 kg/s through a 5.0-cm-diameter stainless-steel tube. The bismuth enters at 415◦C and is heated to 440◦C as it passes through the tube. If a constant heat flux is maintained along the tube and the tube wall is at a temperature 20◦C higher than the bismuth bulk temperature, calculate the length of tube required to effect the heat transfearrow_forward
- In a reservoir system with a very large accumulation volume for the ideal fluid (water),a) Since the diameter of the ABCDEF outlet pipe is D = 20 cm, the flow rate through the pipe,b) Calculate the velocity, velocity height, relative pressure and pressure heights in the ABCDEF outlet pipe.c) Draw the relative energy and piezometer lines of the system.d) If the relative evaporation pressure of water is pv = -98.5 kPa, what can be z maximum?e) Determine how much the diameter of the outlet pipe can be reduced at most without causing cavitation, with the relative evaporation pressure of water pv = -98.5 Pa and h = 6 m.f) Calculate the critical velocity value for cavitation.arrow_forwardSteam generators are a type of heat exchanges that are used in power plants to generate steam at desired pressure and temperature (Fig. Q1.b). In a steam generator, saturated liquid water at 30°C enters a 60-mm diameter tube at the volume flow rate of 12 L/s. After exchanging heat with hot gas, the water changes to steam and leaves the generator at a pressure of 9 MPa and a temperature of 400°C. During this process, the diameter of the water/steam tube does not change.(iii) What is the exit velocity of the steam?arrow_forwardDerive an expression for the change in height h in a circular tube of a liquid with surfacetension Y and contact angle θ , as in Fig. E1.8.arrow_forward
- A gasoline engine is at a location where the temperature is measured to be 14.2 °C and produces 347 KW at 5800 rpm while consuming 0.0184 kg's of fuel. During operation, data shows that its mechanical energy loss is 18 %, the actual volume of air going into each cylinder is 80% (the volumetric efficiency has a negligible variation), and the actual fuel-to-air ratio is 0.065. What were the engine parameters at sea level conditions if the pressure here is 100.3 kPa and the temeratur here is 18 Uc hotter than that of the alevated conditions? Determine at sea-level conditions the ISFC in ka/kW-hr Use four (4) decimal places in your solution and answer.arrow_forwardA gasoline engine is at a location where the temperature is measured to be 14.2 °C and produces 347 KW at 5800 rpm while consuming 0.0184 kg's of fuel. During operation, data shows that its mechanical energy loss is 18 %, the actual volume of air going into each cylinder is 80% (the volumetric efficiency has a negligible variation), and the actual fuel-to-air ratio is 0.065. What were the engine parameters at sea level conditions if the pressure here is 100.3 kPa and the temeratur here is 18 Uc hotter than that of the alevated conditions? Determine at sea-level conditions the ISFC in ka/kW-hrarrow_forwardExample 4: Hot air at atmospheric pressure and 80°C enters an 8–m-long uninsulated square duct of cross section 0.2 m 0.2 m that passes through the attic of a house at a rate of 0.15 m3/s (Figure). The duct is observed to be nearly isothermal at 60°C. Determine the exit temperature of the air and the rate of heat loss from the duct to the attic space.arrow_forward
- Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning