A vacuum system, as used ¡n sputtering electrically conducting thin films on microcircuits, is comprised of a baseplate maintained by an electrical heater at 300 K anda shroud within the enclosure maintained at 77 K by aliquid-nitrogen coolant loop. The circular baseplate, insulated on the lower side, is 0.3 m in diameter and has an emissivity of 0.25. (a) How much electrical power must be provided tothe baseplate heater? (b) At what rate must liquid nitrogen be supplied to theshroud it its heat of vaporization is 125 kJ/kg? (e) To reduce the liquid nitrogen consumption, it isproposed to bond a thin sheet of aluminum foil ( ∈ = 0.09 ) to the baseplate. Will this have the desired effect?
A vacuum system, as used ¡n sputtering electrically conducting thin films on microcircuits, is comprised of a baseplate maintained by an electrical heater at 300 K anda shroud within the enclosure maintained at 77 K by aliquid-nitrogen coolant loop. The circular baseplate, insulated on the lower side, is 0.3 m in diameter and has an emissivity of 0.25. (a) How much electrical power must be provided tothe baseplate heater? (b) At what rate must liquid nitrogen be supplied to theshroud it its heat of vaporization is 125 kJ/kg? (e) To reduce the liquid nitrogen consumption, it isproposed to bond a thin sheet of aluminum foil ( ∈ = 0.09 ) to the baseplate. Will this have the desired effect?
Solution Summary: The author explains how the power generated in the heater is converted into heat energy and then dissipated from the surface by radiation mode of heat transfer.
A vacuum system, as used ¡n sputtering electrically conducting thin films on microcircuits, is comprised of a baseplate maintained by an electrical heater at 300 K anda shroud within the enclosure maintained at 77 K by aliquid-nitrogen coolant loop. The circular baseplate, insulated on the lower side, is 0.3 m in diameter and has an emissivity of 0.25.
(a) How much electrical power must be provided tothe baseplate heater? (b) At what rate must liquid nitrogen be supplied to theshroud it its heat of vaporization is 125 kJ/kg? (e) To reduce the liquid nitrogen consumption, it isproposed to bond a thin sheet of aluminum foil
(
∈
=
0.09
)
to the baseplate. Will this have the desired effect?
A plate (0.5 m * 0.5 m) is inclined at an angle of 30°. The top surface of the plate is well insulated. Estimate the rate of heat loss from the plate when the bottom surface is maintained at 60°C and the surrounding atmospheric quiescent air is at 0°C.
A hot liquid (cp = 1000 J/kg∙K) flows at a flow rate of 0.05 kg/s inside a copper pipe with an inner diameter of 45 mm and a wall thickness of 5 mm. At the pipe exit, the liquid temperature decreases by 10°C from its temperature at the inlet. The outer surface of the 5-m-long copper pipe is black oxidized, which subjects the outer surface to radiation heat transfer. The air temperature surrounding the pipe is 10°C. Assuming that the properties of air can be evaluated at 35°C and 1 atm pressure, determine the outer surface temperature of the pipe. Is 35°C an appropriate film temperature for evaluation of the air properties?
The small horizontal metal tube with an OD of 0.05 m, 0.1 m long, and with a surface temperature of 25 C is in a very large furnace enclosure with firebrick walls and the surrounding air at 500 C. The emissivity of the metal tube is 0.6. Calculate the net heat transfer to the tube by radiation in Watts.
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