Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259141089
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 1, Problem 1.27P
What orbitals are used to form each of the
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Propylene, C3H6, is a gas that is used to form the importantpolymer called polypropylene. Its Lewis structure is given. (a) What is the total number of valence electrons in the propylenemolecule? (b) How many valence electrons are usedto make σ bonds in the molecule? (c) How many valenceelectrons are used to make π bonds in the molecule? (d) Howmany valence electrons remain in nonbonding pairs in themolecule? (e) What is the hybridization at each carbon atomin the molecule?
How would you describe the molecular geometry of C2H2F2, and what are its bond angles?
2(a) Provide the Lewis structures for both CH3OH and C2H3Cl. 2(b) What is the largest bond angle among all the bond angles in CH3OH and C2H3Cl? Listthe three atoms making this largest bond angle, and estimate the value of the angle.2(c) What intermolecular forces are present(i) between CH3OH molecules?(ii) between C2H3Cl molecules?
Chapter 1 Solutions
Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom)
Ch. 1 - While the most common isotope of nitrogen has a...Ch. 1 - Label each bond in the following compounds as...Ch. 1 - How many covalent bonds are predicted for each...Ch. 1 - Draw a valid Lewis structure for each species. a....Ch. 1 - Draw an acceptable Lewis structure for each...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.6PCh. 1 - Draw a Lewis structure for each ion. a. CH3Ob....Ch. 1 - Draw Lewis structures for each molecular formula....Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.9PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.10P
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.11PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.12PCh. 1 - Draw a second resonance structure for each...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.14PCh. 1 - Draw a second resonance structure for nitrous...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.16PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.17PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.18PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.19PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.20PCh. 1 - Simplify each condensed structure by using...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.22PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.23PCh. 1 - Convert each skeletal structure to a complete...Ch. 1 - Draw in all hydrogens and lone pairs on the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.26PCh. 1 - What orbitals are used to form each of the CC, and...Ch. 1 - What orbitals are used to form each bond in the...Ch. 1 - Determine the hybridization around the highlighted...Ch. 1 - Classify each bond in the following molecules as ...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.31PCh. 1 - Rank the following atoms in order of increasing...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.33PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.34PCh. 1 - Provide the following information about...Ch. 1 - Use the ball-and-stick model to answer each...Ch. 1 - Citric acid is responsible for the tartness of...Ch. 1 - Zingerone gives ginger its pungent taste. a.What...Ch. 1 - Two radioactive isotopes of iodine used for the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.40PCh. 1 - Assign formal charges to each carbon atom in the...Ch. 1 - Assign formal charges to each N and O atom in the...Ch. 1 - Draw one valid Lewis structure for each compound....Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.44PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.45PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.46PCh. 1 - Draw all possible isomers for each molecular...Ch. 1 - 1.45 Draw Lewis structures for the nine isomers...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.49PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.50PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.51PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.52PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.53PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.54PCh. 1 - Draw all reasonable resonance structures for each...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.56PCh. 1 - Rank the resonance structures in each group in...Ch. 1 - 1.56 Consider the compounds and ions with curved...Ch. 1 - 1.57 Predict all bond angles in each...Ch. 1 - Predict the geometry around each indicated atom....Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.61PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.62PCh. 1 - Draw in all the carbon and hydrogen atoms in each...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.64PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.65PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.66PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.67PCh. 1 - Each of the following condensed or skeletal...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.69PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.70PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.71PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.72PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.73PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.74PCh. 1 - Two useful organic compounds that contain Cl atoms...Ch. 1 - Use the symbols + and to indicate the polarity of...Ch. 1 - Label the polar bonds in each molecule. Indicate...Ch. 1 - Answer the following questions about acetonitrile...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.79PCh. 1 - The principles of this chapter can be applied to...Ch. 1 -
a. What is the hybridization of each N atom in...Ch. 1 - 1.77 Stalevo is the trade name for a medication...Ch. 1 - 1.78 and are two highly reactive carbon...Ch. 1 - 1.79 The N atom in (acetamide) is hybridized,...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.85PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.86PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.87PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.88PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.89PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.90P
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- Formamide, HC(O)NH2, is prepared at high pressures from carbon monoxide and ammonia, and serves as an industrial solvent (the parentheses around the O indicate that it is bonded only to the carbon atom and that the carbon atom is also bonded to the H and the N atoms). Two resonance forms (one with formal charges) can be written for formamide. Write both resonance structures, and predict the bond angles about the carbon and nitrogen atoms for each resonance form. Are they the same? Describe how the experimental determination of the HNH bond angle could be used to indicate which resonance form is more important.arrow_forwardConsider the following molecules: SiH4, PH3, H2S. In each case, a central atom is surrounded by four electron pairs. In which of these molecules would you expect the bond angle to be less than 109.5? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardIt is possible to write a simple Lewis structure for the SO42- ion, involving only single bonds, which follows the octet rule. However, Linus Pauling and others have suggested an alternative structure, involving double bonds, in which the sulfur atom is surrounded by six electron pairs. (a) Draw the two Lewis structures. (b) What geometries are predicted for the two structures? (c) What is the hybridization of sulfur in each case? (d) What are the formal charges of the atoms in the two structures?arrow_forward
- Indicate which molecules are polar and which are nonpolar. (a) SeO2 (b) N2O (N is the central atom) (c) SCl4arrow_forwardTwo compounds have the molecular formula N3H3. One of the compounds, triazene, contains an NN bond; the other compound, triaziridene, does not. (a) Write the correct Lewis structures for each compound. (b) Approximate the bond angle between the three nitrogen atoms in each compound.arrow_forwardIn addition to CO, CO2, and C3O2, there is another molecular oxide of carbon, pentacarbon dioxide, C5O2, a yellow solid. (a) What is the approximate C-to-C-to-O bond angle in pentacarbon dioxide? (b) What is the approximate C-to-C-to-C bond angle in this compound?arrow_forward
- Gamma hydroxybutyric acid, GHB, infamous as a date rape drug, is used illicitly because of its effects on the nervous system. The condensed molecular formula for GHB is HO(CH2)3COOH. (a) Write the Lewis structure for GHB. (b) Identify the hybridization of the carbon atom in the CH2 groups and of the terminal carbon. (c) Is hydrogen bonding possible in GHB? If so, write Lewis structures to illustrate the hydrogen bonding. (d) Which carbon atoms are involved in sigma bonds? In pi bonds? (e) Which oxygen atom is involved in sigma bonds? In pi bonds?arrow_forward• identify sigma and pi bonds in a molecule and explain the difference between them.arrow_forwardBest Lewis Formula and Molecular Geometry A student writes the Lewis electron-dot formula for the carbonate anion, CO32, as a Does this Lewis formula obey the octet rule? Explain. What are the formal charges on the atoms? Try describing the bonding for this formula in valence bond terms. Do you have any difficulty doing this? b Does this Lewis formula give a reasonable description of the electron structure, or is there a better one? If there is a better Lewis formula, write it down and explain why it is better. c The same student writes the following resonance description for CO2: Is there something wrong with this description? (What would you predict as the geometries of these formulas?) d Is one or the other formula a better description? Could a value for the dipole moment help you decide? e Can you write a Lewis formula that gives an even better description of CO2? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- Molecules can be polar because of the unsymmetrical distribution of electrons. The dipole moment, μ Q r μ=Q×r The SI unit of dipole moment is the coulomb-meter (C⋅m), but another common unit is the debye (D). The two are related as 3.336×10^−30 C⋅m=1 D The percent ionic character is a comparison of the measured dipole moment of the bond to the expected dipole moment if electrons are instead transferred: %ionic character=measured dipole/if electrons transferred×100% The dipole moment if electrons are completely transferred is one for which a full unit of charge (1.60×10^−19 C) exists on each end of the bond. The dipole measured for HI is 0.380 D. The bond distance is 161 pm. What is the percent ionic character of the HI bond? Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures. Describe the molecular dipole of OCl2.arrow_forwardI am struggling to understand the bond angles between the atoms of the molecule O=N-Cl. The solutions state that the angle is 113°, but I am confused as to why it is not 120°arrow_forwardRefer to the structure given below and answer the given questions: CI C 18 5 13 1 10 15 16 17 19 6 12 14 11 20 1 ОН О 5 Red numbers for Carbon Blue numbers for Nitrogen Green numbers for Oxygen HNN 9 00arrow_forward
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