Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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- Which DNA strand will serve as the template strand during the transcription of the RNA-coding sequence?arrow_forwardYou are working in the lab and are mutagenizing E. coli, to see if you can identify mutations in the DNA that affect the function of E. coli. Instead of trying to grow the mutants and look for phenotypic defects, you decide to sequence the genome of a few of your mutants. One of the mutant E. coli has a mutation in the gene for tRNA nucleotidyltransferase. Now you decide to try to grow this E. coli mutant in the lab, but you are unable to detect any expansion of the population of bacterial cells. What is a possible mechanistic explanation for the lack of population growth of this mutant E. coli?arrow_forwardYou are studying how gene expression is regulated in the cell. For gene z, you find that while there are high levels of mRNA in the cell, there are low levels of the protein encoded by gene z. Describe a regulatory mechanism that could explain this finding that occurs after translation.arrow_forward
- Describe the initiation step of bacterial transcription (make sure to include important enzymes, parts, and sequences in your answer) up to the beginning of elongation. What are three ways that transcription differs between bacteria and eukaryotes? (I'm not looking for types of RNA modification, just in terms of transcription)arrow_forwardYour friend wants to develop a new method to map the transcription start and end sites of a target gene because S1 mapping does not work well. His professor suggests starting with the cDNA synthesis method shown below. The reverse transcriptase has terminal transferase activity and adds several cytosines to the end of first strand cDNA. A template switch oligo with guanidines binds to the cytosines of cDNA and serve as new template. Your friend does not understand how a cDNA synthesis method can be used for transcript start and end sites mapping and asks you for help. LNA-containing TSO GrG+G CCC Poly(A)* RNA AAAAAAAAAA Oligo(dT) primer Reverse transcription and terminal transferase AAAAAAAAAA Q4: As a hint for transcription start site mapping, his professor further suggests using a gene specific primer for reverse transcription instead of oligo(dT) primer. Please finish the logical design of the method and briefly explain how the method works. Q5: To use the template switch mechanism…arrow_forwardSuppose you had isolated a new transcription factor and wanted to know which genes this protein might regulate. Is there any way that you could use a cDNA microarray of the type shown in the picture to approach this question?arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about DNA strands is true? (You may choose more than one.) Group of answer choices Some genes are transcribed from the template strand, others are transcribed from the non-template strand The promoter determines which strand is the (-) strand The promoter determines which strand is the template strand The template strand is always the (-) strand Some genes are transcribed from the (-) strand, others are transcribed from the (+) strand Some proteins are translated from the - strand and some proteins are translated from the + strandarrow_forwardAlthough the genetic code is universal, a few organisms such as Paramecium have a slightly modified version in which UGA, a stop codon for most organisms, codes for tryptophan in Paramecium. Suppose that the researcher wanted to make an in vitro translation system using all of the components from Paramecium. Which of the components, if any, would she need to replace in order to have an in vitro system that was universal? Possible Answers: A. She would need to leave out the P site. B. She would need to leave out the termination factor proteins. C. She would need to leave out the tRNA that recognizes UGA. D. She would need to leave out the ubiquitinarrow_forward
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