One can synthesize RNA from any gene in a test tube (in vitro). You want to synthesize mRNA from a prokaryotic gene in a test tube. You added the gene, which contains its promoter, coding region, and rho-dependent transcription termination site, in a test tube. Which of the following do you need to add to this test tube so that you can synthesize RNA from this gene and terminate transcription accurately? 1) RNA polymerase core enzyme, 2) RNA polymerase holoenzyme,3) RNA polymerase II, 4) ATP, CTP, GTP, and TTP mixture 5) ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP mixture, 6) dATP, dGTP, dCTP, and dUTP mixture 7) Rho factor, 8) primer. 3,4,7 1,6,7 O2,5,7 2.4.6 2,5,7,8

The human rhodopsin gene is 2675 nucleotides long from transcription start site to transcription stop site. The human rhodopsin protein is 348 amino acids. What is the length of the mature mRNA (starting at the start codon and ending at the stop codon) from which the rhodopsin protein is synthesized? Explain how you reached your answer, including information about introns, exons, and splicing.

Why is the Mediator Complex only required for transcription in vivo but is dispensable in vitro? What is different about the DNA template in vivo compared to the templates used in in vitro transcription systems?

You are studying a rare form of brain cancer where the newly-discovered genes BR and AIN are known to play a role in the development of this cancer. You perform a RNA-seq analysis on a patient with this form of cancer and compare the resulting expression histogram to a healthy patient. You conclude that AIN is heavily upregulated in the cancer patient and that the cancer patient's mRNA for BR retains one of that gene's introns in the RNA-seq results. Based on this information, BR is likely a(n) _________ and AIN is likely a(n) _________ . a. oncogene; tumor-suppressor gene b. tumor-suppressor gene; tumor-suppressor gene c. oncogene; oncogene d. tumor-suppressor gene; viral gene e. tumor-suppressor gene; oncogene

Now you have the gene sequence. Now you would like to clone it into an expression vector to grow up in a bacterial system. Because you're going to use bacteria to generate protein from a eukaryote, the mammoth, you need to get rid of introns from your sequence. How do you do that?     Bioinformatically, I look for splice-site sequences and branch-point adenines and predict intron-exon boundaries     I use a comparative genomic approach and use sequence homology with the genome of a closely related species     I use a comparative genomic approach and use sequence homology with the genome of a distantly related species     Both A and B     Both B and C   Why did you bother to identify the introns?     So that I could include them in the sequence to understand intron function.     So that I could exclude them from the sequence because prokaryotes don't have spliceosomal machinery.     So that I could see how introns affect protein folding.

You are teaching a class on the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. In order to demonstrate this complex process, you decide to draw for the class a typical eukaryotic gene/transcription unit with its major regions, such as the promoter regions, where the RNA polymerase II and transcription factors would bind   From the list given - choose all components that you think are part of a typical eukaryotic gene From the list given - choose all the regulatory sequences that you think would control the expression of this eukaryotic gene  From the list given - choose all of the regulatory proteins that would bind the eukaryotic gene to control its expression

a.) Draw a eukaryotic gene with four exons (include the location of the promoter, enhancer, start and stop codon, poly-A signal sequence, 5' UTR, and 3'UTR.). b.) Draw the primary transcript. c.) Draw all of the possible fully mature mRNAs that can be produced from this locus.

How does the RNA polymerase II enzyme identify/distinguish the “start” of a gene from the junk DNA that makes up 98% of our DNA? Describe what happens during transcription initiation.

You just isolated a mutant in the eukaryotic organism C. elegans (aka the world's coolest model organism) that fails to transcribe your favorite gene. Which of the following region(s) are likely to contain your mutation? (You may choose more than one.) Group of answer choices Rut site -10 consensus sequence Rho protein TATA box Sigma subunit binding site Transcription start site

Suppose you have a 1-kb segment of cloned DNA that is suspected to contain a eukaryotic promoter including a TATA box, a CAT box, and an upstream GC-rich sequence. The clone also contains a gene whose transcript is readily detectable. Your laboratory supervisor asks you to outline an experiment. (1) determine if eukaryotic transcription factors (TF) bind to the fragment and, if so, (2) identify where on the fragment the transcription factors bind. All necessary reagents, equipment, and experimental know-how are available in the laboratory. Complete the outline of an experiment, which determines if eukaryotic transcription factors (TF) bind to the fragment. Assume all necessary reagents, equipment, and experimental how are available in the laboratory. Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Not all terms will be used. For the band shift assay, two samples of the DNA fragment are analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis: one sample is…