Why is it advantageous for p53 to be activated by factors such as ER stress, light, and hypoxia (low oxygen concentration)?

Q: Describe how the signal transduction pathway leads to activation of MAPKinase or Akt/PKB?

A: Answer: Introduction: Signal transduction is the mechanism by that a biochemical or physical signal…

Q: chaperone mediated autophagy.

A: Autophagy that is mediated by chaperone proteins is called chaperone-mediated autophagy. The…

Q: How can the role of epigenetics in cancer be reconciled with the idea that cancer is caused by the…

A: Epigenetics is the study of various alterations in an organism occurred because of certain gene…

Q: PYK gene codes for the expression of pyruvate kinase, which is one of the enzymes targeted for…

A: Pyruvate kinase is the final enzyme in the glycolytic pathway which ultimately forms  pyruvate from…

Q: If GLI can drive the expression of all Hedgehog pathway components, which of the following would…

A: The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is a type of pathway first identified in the common fruit fly.…

Q: Which of the following would most likely mimic Rb loss? Rb mutant where the phosphosites are mutated…

A: Rb is a tumor suppressor gene. Loss of function mutation in Rb gene leads to the retinoblastoma and…

Q: Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of various conditions including high blood pressure, high blood…

A: Metabolic syndrome is a group of disorders that occur in tandem and increase your risk of heart…

Q: In tumor cells obtained from patients with Burkittlymphoma, a cancer of the immune system’s B…

A: Genetics is a branch of science that deals in the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation of…

Q: True or false If cells were treated with a weak base such as ammonia or chloroquine, which raises…

A: False

Q: Define about Several types of cellular stress events bring about rapidincreases in the nuclear…

A: The p53 is also known as the guardian of the genome. It is a tumor suppressor gene. The function of…

Q: How does constitutively active Ras promote cancer?

A: In physiology carcinogenesis is known as the production of cancerous cells or tumor cells by…

Q: A mutated form of protein p5x is found in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. In vitro studies…

A: A gene that produces a protein that is essential for regulating cell division and death and is…

Q: Each of the following molecules has a role in carcinogenic aerobic glycolysis: c-myc, HIF-1, PKB,…

A: The persistent activation of aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells can be linked to activation of…

Q: Explain the use of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases(CDKs) ?

A: Cyclins are cellular elements that drive or regulate the events of the cell cycle by combining with…

Q: How is the signal generated by binding of TGF-β to cell-surface receptors transmitted to the…

A: TGF-β is a cytokine of the transforming growth factor family of signaling molecules with multiple…

Q: Why is it advantageous for p53 to be activated by factorssuch as ER stress, UV light, and hypoxia…

A: The p53 is known as tumor protein formed from the TP53 gene. The protein acts as a tumor suppressor…

Q: G protein coupled receptors play an important role in signal transduction in many cells. Label the…

A: Cells in our body interact with each other through chemical molecules. Usually hormones, growth…

Q: most cancer mutations in the ras/mapk pathway occur upstream of mapk rather than in mapk itself.

A: Cancer Cancer is defined as abnormal and uncontrolled cell proliferation in the body tissues.…

Q: Which are the events causing loss-of-heterozygosity in somatic cells of RB+/RB− individuals?

A: The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material that is inherited by the progeny from the…

Q: You've engineered a mutant cell where the FADD adapter was truncated. The mutant FADD only contains…

A: The process of programmed cell death is called apoptosis. Unwanted cells, such as those between a…

Q: Why is the p53-meditated apoptosis pathway, and the GSK3 signaling pathway important for cancer…

A: p53 is a critical tumour suppressor that is mutated in ~50% of human cancers. Inunstressed cells p53…

Q: What is the process for retrieving soluble, luminal ER proteins that "leak" out of into the…

A: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle present in eukaryotic cells that is in charge of protein…

Q: We have studied Ras signal transduction pathway. In an experiment,  two different mutations were…

A: The cell proliferation depends on specific signalling processes that ultimately trigger some…

Q: Aberrant signaling through the Ras-BRaf-MAPK signal transduction pathway drives many cancers. This…

A: Ras-BRaf-MAPK signal transduction pathway is well characterized pathway and known to transduce…

Q: p53 is an important DNA damage checkpoint protein that stops the transition to S phase and is lost…

A: p53, also known as TP53 or tumor protein (EC :2.7. 1.37) is a gene that codes for a protein that…

Q: Individuals with the hereditary disorder ataxia telangiectasia suffer from neurodegeneration,…

A: Ataxia-telangiectasia is a genetic disorder caused by a point mutation in the ATM gene.

Q: Two mechanisms inducing Apoptosis, Extrinsic pathway and Intrinsic pathway, have difference and…

A:

Q: What is the effect of having fluctuating cyclin levels throughout the cell cycle, while the levels…

A: Cell cycle  It is a series of events in which cell duplicate it's organelles and divide.

Q: Describe the effects of the mutation causing the p21 promoter to no longer bind p53 on cell…

A: p53 is a tumor suppressor gene but if p53 gets mutated then this protein is not able to bind to the…

Q: What occurs when the JAK-STAT pathway is activated?

A: The JAK/STAT pathway is a cell signaling pathway. The JAK are a category of proteins belonging to…

Q: The output of RTK pathways is often the activation of MAP Kinase. Explain how MAPK can lead to…

A: There are many intercellular signaling pathways processing in the cells. RTK pathway is a…

Q: Signaling pathways often require receptor dimers to become active. What would be an advantage of the…

A: Most receptors dimerize during their association with their ligands. This dimerization provides them…

Q: Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of various conditions including high blood pressure, high blood…

A: Answer :- Option (C) is correct. - Insulin receptor phosphorylation increases insulin secretion.

Q: Do you think there are more unique alleles of p53 that lead to cancer or more unique alleles of Ras…

A:

Q: how is sustained proliferative signaling necessarry for cancer development and how is it a driving…

A: Cancer is when abnormal cells divide in an uncontrolled way.  Abnormalities are generally due to…

Q: Describe the effects of the over-expression of mdm2 on cell proliferation and apoptosis on cell…

A: Mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) is a gene isolated from a mouse chromosome and is encodes MDM2…