The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activates a complex signaling network to increase expression of several genes and promote cell proliferation as shown in the figure below. EGF Active EGFR Inactive EGFR P- Inactive EGFR Inactive Ras-GDP Ras-GTP Active Raf -P MEK - P NUCLEUS MAPK - P Active MAPK - P C-myc gene transcribed CYTOPLASM Cell proliferation Which of the following scenarios would result in increased expression of the c-myc gene? Select all that apply A homozygous mutation of the EGFR gene resulting in a deletion of the ligand binding domain A homozygous mutation of the ras gene so that Ras protein was not able to exchange GDP for GTP A homozygous mutation of the MAPK gene so that MAPK protein was always in

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activates a complex signaling network to increase expression of several genes and promote cell proliferation as shown in the figure below. EGF Active EGFR Inactive EGFR P- Inactive EGFR Inactive Ras-GDP Ras-GTP Active Raf -P MEK - P NUCLEUS MAPK - P Active MAPK - P C-myc gene transcribed CYTOPLASM Cell proliferation Which of the following scenarios would result in increased expression of the c-myc gene? Select all that apply A homozygous mutation of the EGFR gene resulting in a deletion of the ligand binding domain A homozygous mutation of the ras gene so that Ras protein was not able to exchange GDP for GTP A homozygous mutation of the MAPK gene so that MAPK protein was always in

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter5: Membranes And Transport

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ITD: Some cancer cells are insensitive to typical chemotherapy. Research into the mechanisms underlying...

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RAS is a signal transducer that acts as a switch for turning on cell division. Drag the descriptions below to their proper places on the figure to show the sequence of events. When growth factor binds to the receptor, the intracellular domain activates RAS by facilitating exchange of GDP for GTP. When no growth factor is bound to the extracellular receptor, RAS is bound to GDP and is inactive. RAS activates the first of three sequential kinase proteins termed the MAP kinase cascade. Cell proliferation proceeds as the machinery for cell division is set in motion. The end result of the MAP kinase cascade is activation of a transcription factor. Receptor 1 Ras GDP 2 4 5 Growth factor Ras GTP
Use the SGF-signaling pathway image as a reference, to answer the following questions. Use the data provided to EXPLAIN if the cell will get to the response step or not. Keep in mind the purpose of this pathway is to cause skin cell division Growth Factor (GF-signal) Activation of GF Receptor (RTK-receptor) To cause Cell proliferation/cell division (Response) Plasma membrane Ras GEF ladapter) MAPIKK Mek MAPIK MAPK You have a skin cell that inject SGF protein directly into the cytoplasm but you do NOT put SGF in the media (the liquid the cell needs to live).
Figure 9.10 In certain cancers, the GTPase activity of the RAS G-protein is inhibited. This means that the RAS protein can no longer hydrolyze GTP into GDP What effect would this have on downstream cellular events?
Some cancer cells are insensitive to typical chemotherapy. Research into the mechanisms underlying this insensitivity uncovered an ability by these cells to pump the treatment drug out of the cell against its concentration gradient. Additional drugs have been developed that inhibit the pump, thus trapping the chemotherapeutic agent inside to promote cancer cell destruction. The Figure shows what happens when two types of cells are treated with a 3H-labeled anti-cancer drug, paclitaxel. Which set of cells (A or B) would be described as resistant to the cancer treatment? Explain your answer. What type of transport are the resistant cells using?
Figure 37.5 Heat shock proteins (HSP) are so named because they help refold misfolded proteins. In response to increased temperature (a “heat shock"), heat shock proteins are activated by release from the NR/HSP complex. At the same time, transcription of HSP genes is activated. Why do you think the cell responds to a heat shock by increasing the activity of proteins that help refold misfolded proteins?
All but which of the following best explains the advantage of cancer cells expressing PKM2 over PKM1? OPKM1 has lower activity PKM2 allows for accumulation of glycolytic intermediates Serine is a more potent allosteric effector of PKM2 Higher serine levels lead to increased activity of PKM2 O O
Which of the following small GTP-binding proteins does NOT play a role in cell migration during chemotaxis? O Cap Z Rho Cdc42 O All of the listed GTPases play a role in cell migration O Rac ◆ Previous
Which one of these is a tumor suppressor gene? myc erbB O Rb Gasp
Non-canonical Hedgehog signaling results in actin cytoskeleton rearrangements, leading to cellmovement and changes in cell shape. Describe how changes to the actin cytoskeleton lead to cellmovement and changes in cell shape.You do not need to draw out the signaling pathway again (#1b). Your answer should focus onthe changes to the actin cytoskeleton. Drawings will be helpful!
A normal cell has no growth factor bound to the growth factor receptor. What do you predict about ERK in this situation? it will activate a transcription factor it will be phosphorylated it will not be phosphorylate it will not go into the nucleus D
A cell begins to undergo apoptosis due to stress. Which of the following are true about this cell? (select all that apply) The cell can exit apoptosis if the stressful factor is removed The cell has high levels of p53. The cell's DNA will inevitably degrade The cell may undergo mitosis before completing apoptosis
After cutting yourself with a knife while chopping vegetables, your body begins extensive mitosis and cell division to begin the healing process. To speed this process, your cells need to make more Cyclin Proteins to bind with extisting cylin- dependent kinase proteins. The DNA below contains the instructions to build cyclin proteins: DNA - TAC GGG CAA ACC TCT AGC CCA ATG TCG ATC Transcribe this into mRNA and translate these into amino acids, use the format below: MRNA: (insert sequence here) Amino Acids: (insert amino acids here)