The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activates a complex signaling networkto increase expression of several genes and promote cell proliferation as shown inthe figure below.EGFActive EGFRInactive EGFRInactive EGFRP-EPInactive Ras-GDPRas-GTP ActiveRaf -PNUCLEUSМЕК-FМАРК-РActiveМАРК-PC-myc gene transcribedCYTOPLASMCell proliferationWhich of the following scenarios would result in decreased expression of the c-mycgene?Select all that applyA homozygous mutation of the EGFR gene resulting in a deletion of the ligandbinding domainA homozygous mutation of the ras gene so that Ras protein was not able toexchange GDP for GTPA homozygous mutation of the ras gene so that Ras protein was not able tohydrolyze GTP for GDPA homozygous mutation of the MAPK gene so that MAPK protein was always ina phosphorylated state

The example shown in the question shows the ligand binding and the cascading of effects that is…

ne epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activates a complex signaling network - increase expression of several genes and promote cell proliferation as shown in ne figure below. EGF Active EGFR Inactive EGFR Inactive EGFR P- EP Inactive Ras-GDP Ras-GTP Active Raf -P NUCLEUS МЕК- Р MAPK -P Active МАРК -P C-myc gene transcribed CYTOPLASM Cell proliferation /hich of the following scenarios would result in decreased expression of the c-myc ene? elect all that apply. A homozygous mutation of the EGFR gene resulting in a deletion of the ligand binding domain

ne epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activates a complex signaling network - increase expression of several genes and promote cell proliferation as shown in ne figure below. EGF Active EGFR Inactive EGFR Inactive EGFR P- EP Inactive Ras-GDP Ras-GTP Active Raf -P NUCLEUS МЕК- Р MAPK -P Active МАРК -P C-myc gene transcribed CYTOPLASM Cell proliferation /hich of the following scenarios would result in decreased expression of the c-myc ene? elect all that apply. A homozygous mutation of the EGFR gene resulting in a deletion of the ligand binding domain

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter5: Membranes And Transport

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ITD: Some cancer cells are insensitive to typical chemotherapy. Research into the mechanisms underlying...

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The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activates a complex signaling network to increase expression of several genes and promote cell proliferation as shown in the figure below. EGF Active EGFR Inactive EGFR P- Inactive EGFR Inactive Ras-GDR Ras-GTP Active Raf -P МЕК- Р NUCLEUS МАРК-Р Active МАРК-Р C-myc gene transcribed CYTOPLASM Cell proliferation Which of the following scenarios would result in increased expression of the c-myc gene? Select all that apply. A homozygous mutation of the EGFR gene resulting in a deletion of the ligand binding domain A homozygous mutation of the ras gene so that Ras protein was not able to exchange GDP for GTP A homozygous mutation of the MAPK gene so that MAPK protein was always in a phosphorylated state A homozygous mutation of the ras gene so that Ras protein was not able to hydrolyze GTP for GDP
RAS is a signal transducer that acts as a switch for turning on cell division. Drag the descriptions below to their proper places on the figure to show the sequence of events. When growth factor binds to the receptor, the intracellular domain activates RAS by facilitating exchange of GDP for GTP. When no growth factor is bound to the extracellular receptor, RAS is bound to GDP and is inactive. RAS activates the first of three sequential kinase proteins termed the MAP kinase cascade. Cell proliferation proceeds as the machinery for cell division is set in motion. The end result of the MAP kinase cascade is activation of a transcription factor. Receptor 1 Ras GDP 2 4 5 Growth factor Ras GTP
All but which of the following best explains the advantage of cancer cells expressing PKM2 over PKM1? OPKM1 has lower activity PKM2 allows for accumulation of glycolytic intermediates Serine is a more potent allosteric effector of PKM2 Higher serine levels lead to increased activity of PKM2 O O
Use the SGF-signaling pathway image as a reference, to answer the following questions. Use the data provided to EXPLAIN if the cell will get to the response step or not. Keep in mind the purpose of this pathway is to cause skin cell division Growth Factor (GF-signal) Activation of GF Receptor (RTK-receptor) To cause Cell proliferation/cell division (Response) Plasma membrane Ras GEF ladapter) MAPIKK Mek MAPIK MAPK You have a skin cell that inject SGF protein directly into the cytoplasm but you do NOT put SGF in the media (the liquid the cell needs to live).
Non-canonical Hedgehog signaling results in actin cytoskeleton rearrangements, leading to cellmovement and changes in cell shape. Describe how changes to the actin cytoskeleton lead to cellmovement and changes in cell shape.You do not need to draw out the signaling pathway again (#1b). Your answer should focus onthe changes to the actin cytoskeleton. Drawings will be helpful!
Figure 9.10 In certain cancers, the GTPase activity of the RAS G-protein is inhibited. This means that the RAS protein can no longer hydrolyze GTP into GDP What effect would this have on downstream cellular events?
Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In 30 percent of human breast cancers, HER2 is permanently activated, resulting in unregulated cell division. Lapatinib, a drug used to treat breast cancer, inhibits HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation (the process by which the receptor adds phosphates onto itself), thus reducing tumor growth by 50 percent. Besides autophosphorylation, which of the following steps would be inhibited by Lapatinib? Signaling molecule binding, dimerization, and the downstream cellular response. Dimerization, and the downstream cellular response. The downstream cellular response. Phosphatase activity, dimerization, and the downsteam cellular response.
Figure 37.5 Heat shock proteins (HSP) are so named because they help refold misfolded proteins. In response to increased temperature (a “heat shock"), heat shock proteins are activated by release from the NR/HSP complex. At the same time, transcription of HSP genes is activated. Why do you think the cell responds to a heat shock by increasing the activity of proteins that help refold misfolded proteins?
Some cancer cells are insensitive to typical chemotherapy. Research into the mechanisms underlying this insensitivity uncovered an ability by these cells to pump the treatment drug out of the cell against its concentration gradient. Additional drugs have been developed that inhibit the pump, thus trapping the chemotherapeutic agent inside to promote cancer cell destruction. The Figure shows what happens when two types of cells are treated with a 3H-labeled anti-cancer drug, paclitaxel. Which set of cells (A or B) would be described as resistant to the cancer treatment? Explain your answer. What type of transport are the resistant cells using?
A normal cell has no growth factor bound to the growth factor receptor. What do you predict about ERK in this situation? it will activate a transcription factor it will be phosphorylated it will not be phosphorylate it will not go into the nucleus D
A cell begins to undergo apoptosis due to stress. Which of the following are true about this cell? (select all that apply) The cell can exit apoptosis if the stressful factor is removed The cell has high levels of p53. The cell's DNA will inevitably degrade The cell may undergo mitosis before completing apoptosis
Match each of the changes that can contribute to cancer with its correct description. Loss of function of regulators that send old or damaged cells into apoptosis Hyperactivation of signalling pathways that tell the cell to grow and divide 1. Sustaining proliferative signalling Loss of function of structural proteins that anchor cells to surrounding tissue and/or activation of cell migration 2. Evading growth suppressors 3. Activating invasion and metastasis Loss of function of 4. Enabling replicative immortality regulators that stop inappropriate growth and cell division 5. Inducing angiogenesis 6. Resisting cell death Loss of function of regulators that force aging cells to exit the cell cycle and enter GO or replicative senescence 00