Explain why p53 is mutated in the vast majority of human cancers.

Q: How can a defect in p53 gene contribute to cancer development?

A: Cancer is an abnormal growth of cells which tend to proliferate in an uncontrolled way and, in some…

Q: The protein p53 is activated when the cell's DNA is damaged. p53 helps to arrest the cell cycle in…

A: Cell division is controlled by a protein that is encoded by a tumor suppressor gene. Uncontrolled…

Q: How can the role of epigenetics in cancer be reconciled with the idea that cancer is caused by the…

A: Epigenetics is the study of various alterations in an organism occurred because of certain gene…

Q: Define tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutated single copy of a tumor-suppressor gene expected to…

A: The repeated and uncontrollable division of cells forms a large mass called the tumor. Tumors might…

Q: Cancer-promoting mutations are likely to have different effects on the activity of proteins encoded…

A: Cancer is the unnatural and excessive proliferation of cells that becomes harmful to normal body…

Q: Explain how mutations in tumor-suppressor genes can be recessive at the level of the cell but cause…

A: A tumor suppressor gene is normally a cellular gene that regulates the cell proliferation or DNA…

Q: why EGFR play a role in CRC and other cancer?

A: EGFR : It is epidermis growth factor receptor.  CRC:  Colorectal cancer. EGFR : It is one of the…

Q: Which genetic cancer predisposition syndrome is caused by germ-line mutations in the p53 gene and is…

A: P53 is the tumor suppressor protein (TP53 in humans) which is also described as the guardian of the…

Q: Cancer is a major public health problem.  Both inherited genes and environmental factors play a role…

A: Cancer has become a major global health issue for some time. Cancers occur by environmental…

Q: Some cancers show increased incidence with age while others peak at younger ages. Why do you suppose…

A: The Cancer is defined as a group of diseases which is characterized by the uncontrolled growth and…

Q: Mutations that inactivate p53 have a recessive phenotype, whereas mutations affecting Ras are…

A: P53 is a tumor protein, which codes for the protein that regulates the cell cycle and suppresses…

Q: Changes to the p53 protein structure can be caused by differences in DNA and can affect protein…

A: Mutations are alterations to the DNA sequence. Depending on the location of the mutation, it can be…

Q: Explain how mutations in oncogenes and in tumor suppressorgenes cause cancer.

A: Cancer is a group of diseases that involves abnormal growth of the cell. These cells have the…

Q: Define tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutation in a single copy of a tumor-suppressor gene…

A: Tumor-supressor genes: Tumor-suppressor genes is defined as normal genes that will slow down the…

Q: Although tobacco smoking is responsible for a large number of human cancers, not all smokers develop…

A: Cancer refers to the uncontrolled cell division caused by the mutations in the genes which control…

Q: (46) A mutated form of protein pox is found in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. In vitro…

A: Cancer is a complex and multifaceted illness that emerges from the disturbance of ordinary cellular…

Q: Despite all that we know about cancer today, some types of cancers are still increasing in…

A: Cancer is the title given to a collection of related infections. In all sorts of cancer, a few of…

Q: Some cancers are consistently associated with the deletion of a particularpart of a chromosome. Does…

A: Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that encode for proteins required for the promotion of cell cycle.…

Q: What is cancer? What defects are commonly found in cancer cells? Do all cancer cells have mutations…

A: Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells…

Q: Why is the p53-meditated apoptosis pathway, and the GSK3 signaling pathway important for cancer…

A: p53 is a critical tumour suppressor that is mutated in ~50% of human cancers. Inunstressed cells p53…

Q: Excessive angiogenesis and reduced apoptosis are two of the six characteristics that define…

A: Angiogenesis:  Angiogenesis refers to the process of the growth and development of new blood vessels…

Q: According to the multi-hit model, more than one mutation must occur in a cell for cancer to develop.…

A: A new multihit model of carcinogenesis is produced for use in assessing age-explicit disease rate…

Q: Distinguish between proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. To become cancer promoting, do…

A: Oncogene is a type of gene having the ability which can develop a cell to a tumor cell when…

Q: Explain in detail two different genetic mutations that can promote the development of cancer.…

A: A mutation in a gene that codes for a protein involved in a crucial biological process, such as DNA…

Q: Describe the underlying causes of epigenetic changes associated with cancer.

A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…

Q: Describe the effects of the mutation causing the p21 promoter to no longer bind p53 on cell…

A: p53 is a tumor suppressor gene but if p53 gets mutated then this protein is not able to bind to the…

Q: Explain the difference between proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor mutations in terms of its…

A: Cancer is a medical condition that is characterized by the growth of tumors in the body of an…

Q: Classify the following genes as proto-oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes: p53, ras, Bcl-2,…

A: Proto-oncogene is a normal gene which have many different functions in the cell, like providing…

Q: Briefly describe the structural variability of cancer genomes.

A: The loss or drift may result in the occurrence of cancer in breast cancer. Breast cancer is define…

Q: What are the heritable changes in cells that contribute to cancer development?

A: Introduction  Cancer is a disease when a few of the body's cells grow out of control and spread to…

Q: Please distinguish driver and passenger mutations in cancer.

A: Driver mutations: Mutations in known oncogenes that help cells establish or maintain the transformed…

Q: How oncogenes contribute to cancer?

A: Cancer:       It is a disease where cells divide abnormally and damage other cells. There are…

Q: Patients with XP suffer extremely high incidence of skin cancer but have not been found to have…

A: There are 2 basic types of genetic mutations: Acquired mutations.  These are the most common causes…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.