what would be the likely effect of a mutation that prevented the formation of memory cells?

A research study indicated that an agent in cigarette smoke caused the silencing of the p53 gene, which is a tumour-suppressor. However, using sequencing, no mutation was found in the DNA sequence for this gene. Give two possible explanations for these results.

How do we know that malignant tumors arise from a single cell that contains mutations?

Why do mutations in genes that encode DNA-repair enzymes often produce a predisposition to cancer?

What is the difference between a proto-oncogene and an oncogene?   a. oncogenes cause benign tumors (polyps), proto-oncogenes cause malignant tumors   b. oncogenes transform cells to hyperproliferation, proto-oncogenes have a normal cellular role   c. oncogenes have undergone post-translational modification, proto-oncogenes have not   d. oncogenes have undergone intron splicing,  proto-oncogenes have not

What is the role of regulatory gene mutations in cancer?

Is it correct to say that the palladin gene causes cancer?

how are the hallmarks resisting cell death and enabling replicative immortality essential for cancer development. explain each in 3-5 sentences.