TNF and Fas ligand bind cell-surface receptors to trigger cell death. Although the death signal is generated external to the cell, why do we consider the death induced by these molecules to be apoptotic rather than necrotic?

Q: Which of the following signaling pathways use conventional molecular activation cascades (signaling…

A: Signaling pathways are a series of chemical reactions within a cell that occur in response to a…

Q: Very briefly, explain how a ligand binding to the extracellular receptor region of a GPCR causes a…

A: GPCR stands for G protein-coupled receptor. It is a type of membrane protein found on the surface of…

Q: What is the benefit of using second messangers and phosphorylation cascades during the transduction…

A: Cell signaling is the communication between cells and their components mediated by several…

Q: How is the purpose of cell signaling different in unicellular organisms vs. multicellular organisms?…

A: In multicellular organisms, cell to cell signaling can be achieved by signaling molecules such as…

Q: True or false signalling sequences such as KDEL allow for resident proteins to be returned to their…

A: KDEL is a type of target peptide sequence present at the C- terminal end of an polypeptide protein…

Q: ne epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activates a complex signaling network - increase…

A: The example shown in the question shows the ligand binding and the cascading of effects that is…

Q: Fat-soluble signaling molecules cross the cell membrane; but they affect only the target cells…

A: Answer: FAT SOLUBLE MOLECULES are those molecules which cannot be stored within a cell , they prefer…

Q: Genistein is a compound found in soybeans that is known to increase the expression of a protein…

A: Breast cancer is a agressive type of cancer with high malignant potential but due to advancement in…

Q: Cytokine receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors are similar in all of the following ways EXCEPT…

A: Cytokine receptors are small signaling proteins that help in both immune response and cell…

Q: Put the following steps for the outline of the growth factor signaling pathway in order: Map Kinase…

A: Activities with constant changes in the environment. In doing so, organisms use a number of pathways…

Q: Growth Factor (GF-signal) Activation of GF Receptor (RTK-receptor) To cause Cell proliferation/cell…

A: Receptor tyrosine kinases(RTKs) are the receptor proteins that are present on the cells which are…

Q: Which of the following is NOT in common between GPCRS and RTKS? Both receptors are activated upon…

A: In the cell plasma membrane, several receptors are present, which help to transfer the extracellular…

Q: Which of the following is false about cyclin-cdk complexes? Cdk's do not have to bind to cyclin…

A: Cdk/cyclin complexes phosphorylates proteins required to trigger next cell cycle phase - this…

Q: A loss of function mutation in both alleles of the Bcl2 gene A loss-of-function mutation in both…

A: For the cell to evade apoptotic pathways, they need to get rid of things which kill the cell as is…

Q: a) What purpose does this forward reaction serve in that pathway?  b) Does the reverse reaction…

A: The Hippo signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that is the latest…

Q: Can a cell have multiple responses to one stimulus? A) Yes, such as a second messenger activating a…

A: Stimulus is defined as any event or change in the external environment that causes a specific…

Q: Use the SGF-signaling pathway image as a reference, to answer the following questions. Use the data…

A: ANSWER;-

Q: Which of the following could result in the continuous activation of a cell signalling pathway? A…

A: The correct option is: A mutation resulting in a ligand gated ion channel being unable to open.…

Q: What are the two major mechanisms through which cell signaling leads to a change in cell behavior?

A: Cells respond to the changes in their immediate environment. To cope up with such changes the cell…

Q: Non-canonical Hedgehog signaling results in actin cytoskeleton rearrangements, leading to cell…

A: Hedgehog is a protein present on the cell membrane which helps in the changing the cell movement and…

Q: RAS is a signal transducer that acts as a switch for turning on cell division. Drag the descriptions…

A: Cells communicate with each other through specific chemical signaling pathways that are known as…

Q: A mutated form of protein p5x is found in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. In vitro studies…

A: A gene that produces a protein that is essential for regulating cell division and death and is…

Q: Gap junctions and tunneling nanotubes are two distinct types of direct intracellular communication.…

A: Answer:- The right option to this question is 1. gap junctions provide a portal for small molecules,…

Q: Recent evidence points towards a global increase in cases of multi drug and total drug resistant…

A: Mycobacterium: Mycobacterium is a genus of aerobic, acid-fast, gram-positive bacteria. There are…

Q: cholerae, disrupt G Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways. They interfere with... the…

A: GPCR is a family of cell surface receptors that perform its action mainly through the action of GTP…

Q: How are “don’t eat me” signalseliminated or inactivated duringapoptosis to allow the cells to…

A: During phagocytosis, healthy cells secrete don't eat me the signal but theses signal needs to be…

Q: TLRs activate NFkB, AP-1, and IRF transcription factors to induce the expression of inflammatory…

A: The activation of transcription factor such as NFkB, AP-1, and IRF is a complex mechanism involving…

Q: Consider the following simplified diagram of a signal transduction pathway that regulates…

A: Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a tightly controlled process that is essential for the…

Q: A normal cell has no growth factor bound to the growth factor receptor. What do you predict about…

A: The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is an important pathway that cells use to…

Q: The SOS response repairs extensive damage in prokaryotic cells. Why would this process be…

A: The SOS response is a DNA damage response mechanism that occurs in prokaryotic cells, primarily in…

Q: The activation of a membrane integrin by the binding of its cytoplasmic portion to molecules in the…

A: The question is asking about a specific type of cell signaling process that involves the activation…

Q: Why is it disadvantageous for single-celled eukaryotes such as yeast to undergo apoptosis?

A: Apoptosis or programmed cell death is genetically regulated phenomenon of selective elimination of…

Q: The small fragments of some complement proteins initiate a local inflammatory response.  Recent…

A: In the body, there are certain plasma proteins seen, known as complement proteins. They are…

Q: Why is the signaling pathway that activates NF-κB considered to be relatively irreversible compared…

A: The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade, which contains three serine-threonine kinases,…

Q: How ion channels will specifically target the cancer cell and not the normal cells or the cells…

A: Apoptosis also known as organized cell death is a mechanism through which a cell, which is no longer…

Q: Many common medications function by interrupting the normal operation of certain signal transduction…

A: Inside the cell, multiple signaling pathways run simultaneously that allow the cell to communicate…

Q: The synaptosome-associated receptors referred to as v-SNARES are transmembrane proteins located on…

A: Vesicle membrane contains synaptosome-associated receptors (v-SNARES).

Q: Lactase can be classified as which type of enzyme? O A. Isomerase O B. Hydrolase O c. Transferase…

A: Enzymes are categorized into 6 main…

Q: ops beating and you almost die. You are taken into the hospital e doctor tells you that Ca2+ is not…

A: The heart comprises cardiac muscles that contract and relax non-stop to pump blood throughout the…

Q: Which of the following statements is false?   Question 11 options:   a)  Nucleotides and amino…

A: Nitric oxide (NO) can interact with proteins, but it does not act by affecting membrane lipids. NO…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.