Complete the following statements by selecting one of the two options provided. A mutation that [Select] arrest. The [Select] the kinase activity of S-Cdk will lead to cell-cycle of a cell cycle checkpoint will lead to cell-cycle arrest. A mutation that [Select] the activity of the monomeric GTPase Ras will lead to hyper-proliferation of cells [Hint: review Ras and the MAP kinase pathway covered in Topic 6]. A mutation that [Select] proliferation of cells [Hint: review the MAP kinase pathway covered in Topic 6]. the activity of MEK 1/2 will lead to hyper-
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For question 1: choice 1: is the mutation increasing or decreasing; choice 2: will the cell cycle checkpoint taht will lead to cell cycle arrest activate or inactivate; choice 3:is the mutation increasing or decreasing; choice 4: is the mutation increasing or decreasing
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- A temperature-sensitive mutant yeast strain stops dividing when shifted from 25°C to 37°C. These cells are analyzed at different temperatures by a machine that measures the amount of DNA they contain, and the following graphs are obtained. number of cells number of cells [ Select] [Select] [Select] 25°C [Select] مل Cells in G1 phase should have [Select] Which of the following would explain the behavior of your mutant? Mark yes or no for each of the following choices. 2 amount of DNA/cell (arbitrary units) 37°C 1 2 amount of DNA/cell (arbitrary units) unit(s) amount of DNA. ✓ Inability to initiate DNA replication Defect in chromosome condensation ✓Defect in centrosome duplication ✓Defect in cytokinesisI just read an abstract of the paper “Disulfide bond-disrupting agents activate the tumor necrosis family-related apoptosis-inducing ligand/death receptor 5 pathway” and noted that “DDAs and TRAIL synergize to kill cancer cells and are cytotoxic to HER2+ cancer cells with acquired resistance to the EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor Lapatinib.” For the last sentence, I am not sure the meaning of the “acquired resistance to the EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor Lapatinib”. Is the “acquired resistance ... to inhibitor” a good thing or bad thing, as far as the synergize effect of DDAs and TRAIL”? Hope that expert can help.RAS is a signal transducer that acts as a switch for turning on cell division. Drag the descriptions below to their proper places on the figure to show the sequence of events. When growth factor binds to the receptor, the intracellular domain activates RAS by facilitating exchange of GDP for GTP. When no growth factor is bound to the extracellular receptor, RAS is bound to GDP and is inactive. RAS activates the first of three sequential kinase proteins termed the MAP kinase cascade. Cell proliferation proceeds as the machinery for cell division is set in motion. The end result of the MAP kinase cascade is activation of a transcription factor. Receptor 1 Ras GDP 2 4 5 Growth factor Ras GTP
- Changes in the activity of a variety of Cdks are essential for accurate progression through the cell cycle, and yet the levels of Cdk expression are fairly constant during the cell cycle. Briefly describe three mechanisms by which the activity of Cdks is regulated.Can I get help on drawing a mechanism for the paragraph below? p53 stabilization by IR The signal upstream of p53 stabilization and activation after IR exposure most likely originate from DNA DSBs. This is supported by the fact that the kinases implicated in the phosphorylation of p53 are also implicated in DSB repair. These include two kinases that belong to the PI-3 kinase family, DNA-PK and ATM (see above), and indirectly, the checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2). Ser15 of p53 was identified as a substrate for DNA-PK in vitro (Lees-Miller et al., 1992). Since DNA-PK is required for DSB repair in mammalian cells after IR exposure and since this residue falls within the MDM2-binding domain of the protein, this was an attractive model of p53 stabilization after IR. However, several recent reports have shown that Ser15 of p53 is phosphorylated in cells deficient in DNA-PK and that p53 accumulation in these cells is capable of generating cell cycle arrest or apoptosis after IR (Abraham et al.,…Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of various conditions including high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat, high serum triglycerides, and low high-density lipoproteins. Scientists studying metabolic syndrome cultured fibroblast cells from a metabolic syndrome patient and a healthy volunteer and challenged the cells to 100 nM insulin. Ten minutes after the stimulus was applied, they used a protein immunoblot to measure the amount of phosphorylated insulin receptor in the cultures. Use the passage to answer the question. Some patients with metabolic syndrome can continue to gain weight even if they consume fewer calories than other human adults. Based on this finding, which conclusion is MOST likely true? A. Patients with metabolic syndrome do not eliminate as many calories during excretion. B. Patients with metabolic syndrome do not expend as much energy during muscle contractions. C. Patients with metabolic syndrome have more efficient…
- Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of various conditions including high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat, high serum triglycerides, and low high-density lipoproteins. Scientists studying metabolic syndrome cultured fibroblast cells from a metabolic syndrome patient and a healthy volunteer and challenged the cells to 100 nM insulin. Ten minutes after the stimulus was applied, they used a protein immunoblot to measure the amount of phosphorylated insulin receptor in the cultures. Use the passage to answer the question. Insulin, in addition to regulating blood glucose, also promotes satiety. Ghrelin, on the other hand, is a peptide hormone that promotes hunger. Which statement BEST predicts the effect of ghrelin release on the insulin receptor? A. It increases insulin receptor expression. B. It decreases insulin receptor expression. C. It increases insulin receptor phosphorylation. D. It decreases insulin receptor phosphorylation.Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of various conditions including high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat, high serum triglycerides, and low high-density lipoproteins. Scientists studying metabolic syndrome cultured fibroblast cells from a metabolic syndrome patient and a healthy volunteer and challenged the cells to 100 nM insulin. Ten minutes after the stimulus was applied, they used a protein immunoblot to measure the amount of phosphorylated insulin receptor in the cultures. Use the passage to answer the question. A scientist hypothesizes that dysregulated insulin signaling is responsible for the development of excess body fat in metabolic syndrome patients. Based on the data, which of these, if true, would BEST support this hypothesis? A. Phosphorylated insulin receptor decreases the use of free energy in fibroblasts. B. Phosphorylated insulin receptor increases the use of free energy in fibroblasts. C. Phosphorylated insulin receptor…Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of various conditions including high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat, high serum triglycerides, and low high-density lipoproteins. Scientists studying metabolic syndrome cultured fibroblast cells from a metabolic syndrome patient and a healthy volunteer and challenged the cells to 100 nM insulin. Ten minutes after the stimulus was applied, they used a protein immunoblot to measure the amount of phosphorylated insulin receptor in the cultures. Use the passage to answer the question. The level of insulin in the blood is regulated by negative feedback. Which observation MOST supports this model? A. Insulin secretion increases metabolic syndrome symptoms. B. Insulin secretion decreases metabolic syndrome symptoms. C. Insulin receptor phosphorylation increases insulin secretion. D. Insulin receptor phosphorylation decreases insulin secretion.
- The figure below shows how normal signaling works with a Ras protein acting downstream of a receptor tyrosine kinase. CYTOSOL active receptor tyrosine kinase Taratas THERI signal molecule 00 active signaling Q Search active Ras protein GTP 99+ Į SIGNALING Il app.honorlock.com is sharing your screen. ✡ active signaling protein Y aG protein coupled receptors play an important role in signal transduction in many cells. Label the four essential components of the G protein coupled receptor signaling system (blanks a-d in the picture) by choosing from the menus below. a b b Each answer will be used at most once, while some will not be used at all (select one for each): Group of answer choices transcription factor с transcription factor Show Transcribed Text d transcription factor B C. transcription factor G protein second messenger G protein second messenger IE G protein second messenger G protein second messenger receptor receptor receptor receptor enzyme enzyme enzyme enzyme steroid hormone steroid hormone steroid hormone steroid hormoneYou are a scientist studying two related congenital diseases, Noonan syndrome and Tiger syndrome. People with these syndromes are characterized by differences in heart development and skeletal morphology. Individuals with either syndrome are also susceptible to certain types of cancer, such as leukemia. Some cases of Noonan syndrome are caused by dominant activating variants of the MAP kinase-kinase-kinase protein Raf. The genetic basis of Tiger syndrome is unknown. Your team is involved in a clinical trial, which finds that drugs that inhibit Raf are associated with improved outcomes in cancer patients with Noonan syndrome. You find that Tiger syndrome patients also respond to the treatment, so you sequence the Raf gene in several patients, but find no mutations. Based on what you know about the MAP kinase pathway, you sequence the Sos gene in Tiger syndrome patients. You find that 5 out of 10 patients in your trial have a SNP that changes the amino acid Thr266 to Lys (T266K).…