The piece of eukaryotic mRNA below includes the region that codes for the binding site for the initiator tRNA needed in translation. 5'-GUUUCCCGUAUACAUGCGUGCCGGGGGC-3' Using the table below, which amino acid would you expect to be on the tRNA that is the first to bind to the A site of the ribosome? UUA AGA AGG UUG GCA CGA CUA GGA GGC GCC CGC AUA CUC GCG CGG GAC AAC UGC GAA CAA GGG CAC AUC CUG AAA GCU CGU GAU AAU UGU GAG CAG GGU CAU AUU CUU AAG AUG Ala Arg Asp Asn Cys Glu Gin Gly His lle Leu Lys Met Phe Pro O methionine 00 AGC AGU CCA UCA ACA CCC UCC ACC UUC CCG UCG ACG UAC GUG UUU CCU UCU ACU UGG UAU GUU Ser Thr Trp Tyr Val O arginine O cysteine valine GUA GUC UAA UAG UGA stop
Bacterial Genomics
The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.
Transformation Experiment in Bacteria
In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.
Plasmids and Vectors
The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.
Transfer RNA, or tRNA, plays a crucial role in protein synthesis. It acts as a carrier, delivering specific amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA codon sequence. Because of this role, tRNA is often called an adaptor molecule, translating mRNA codons into amino acids.
Despite its crucial function, tRNA is remarkably compact, typically consisting of only 70-90 nucleotides. This makes it the smallest among the three main types of RNA (mRNA and rRNA). In terms of molecular weight, tRNA ranges from 25,000 to 30,000 Dalton.
In the cell, tRNA is encoded by DNA located in the nucleus. It is then transcribed with the assistance of RNA polymerase III, a specialized enzyme responsible for transcribing genes into RNA molecules. This process ensures that the necessary tRNA molecules are produced for proper protein synthesis.
When mRNA binds to tRNA then the third base of mRNA links to the first base of tRNA and it does not follow normal base pairing rules instead it follows wobble base pairing. This involves pairing other than A-U and G-C that occurs at the third position of the mRNA codon. These base pairs are weak base pairs that may allow faster detachment of tRNA from mRNA during protein synthesis.
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