Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781319114671
Author: Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Explain why the translation of a given mRNA can be inhibited by a segment of its complementary sequence, a so-called antisense RNA.
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- The synthesis of a protein requires that the amino acids that constitute the growing polypeptide chain be covalently linked to the amino acid attached to the tRNA at the aminoacyl site of the ribosome. Which of the following catalyses this reaction? Options: the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase eEF2 eEF1-GTP a large ribosomal RNA the initiator tRNA metarrow_forwardExplain the signals that start and stop translation.arrow_forwardThe translation of an mRNA begins with the codon AUG, and an initiator tRNA is required to start translation. List the mechanistic steps in eukaryotes that allow the initiator tRNA to begin searching for the start codon.arrow_forward
- Name the four classes of RNA and briefly explain their functional significance. In what reaction(s) do they participate?arrow_forwardExplain the reasoning establishing that a sequence of three nucleotides (a triplet codon) is the basic unit of the code relating DNA to protein?arrow_forwardIntrons are often very large and the cell has devoted mechanisms of eliminating them once they are excised from the pre-mRNA. Following intron excision, what specific ribonucleolytic enzymes or complexes contribute to eliminating the intron RNA immediately after it is excised from the pre-mRNA? Briefly describe the role of each step/enzyme and how it affects its RNA substratearrow_forward
- Describe the difference in translation initiation between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.arrow_forwardDescribe the molecular structure of RNA & nitrogen-base pairing in mRNA.arrow_forwardWhat are the “protein synthesis factories?” Give an overview of the relationship between these “factories” and mRNA to explain why they are called the “protein synthesis factories.arrow_forward
- Indicate the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the following mRNA molecule. Use the genetic code table and assume that the very first “AUG” the ribosome encounters will serve as the start codon and specify methionine. 5’-AAUUCAUGCCCAAAUUUGGGGCACGAAGCUUCUUAGGCUAGUCCUAAAAAA-3’arrow_forwardBriefly, describe one mode of post-translational modification that occurs once translation is finished.arrow_forwardExplain the process of elongation during translation.arrow_forward
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