Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Is this diagram of tRNA technically incorrect? Shouldn't it be 3' on the left and 5' on the right for the tRNA such that the 5' to 3' codon can match with the antiparallel 3' to 5' anticodon?

### tRNA Structure

The image illustrates the structure of transfer RNA (tRNA), a key molecule in the translation process of protein synthesis. The tRNA molecule is depicted in a cloverleaf structure which is commonly used to represent its secondary structure. Each functional region is labeled for clarity.

#### Key Components:

1. **Amino Acid Attachment Site (3')**:
   - Located at the 3' end of the tRNA molecule.
   - This is the site where the amino acid is covalently bonded to the tRNA.

2. **5' End**:
   - The opposite end of the polynucleotide chain from the 3' end.

3. **Loops**:
   - **D Loop**: Contains dihydrouridine and plays a role in maintaining the structure of tRNA.
   - **T Loop**: Contains ribothymidine, pseudouridine, and cytidine, important for tRNA's interaction with ribosomes.
   - **Anticodon Loop**: Contains a set of three nucleotides known as the anticodon. This is crucial for base-pairing with the mRNA codon.

4. **Anticodon**:
   - Specifically matches the codon on the mRNA during translation.
   - In the illustration, the anticodon sequence is CUC, pairing with the mRNA codon GAG.

#### mRNA Interaction:

The bottom part of the image shows the interaction between tRNA and mRNA during translation. 

- **mRNA Codon**:
  - Comprises groups of three nucleotides called codons. 
  - Each codon on the mRNA corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during translation.

- **Codon-Anticodon Pairing**:
  - Demonstrates the complementary base pairing between the mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon. 
  - For example, the mRNA codon GAG pairs with the tRNA anticodon CUC.

This detailed visualization helps in understanding how tRNA translates the genetic code carried by mRNA into a corresponding sequence of amino acids, ultimately synthesizing proteins.
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Transcribed Image Text:### tRNA Structure The image illustrates the structure of transfer RNA (tRNA), a key molecule in the translation process of protein synthesis. The tRNA molecule is depicted in a cloverleaf structure which is commonly used to represent its secondary structure. Each functional region is labeled for clarity. #### Key Components: 1. **Amino Acid Attachment Site (3')**: - Located at the 3' end of the tRNA molecule. - This is the site where the amino acid is covalently bonded to the tRNA. 2. **5' End**: - The opposite end of the polynucleotide chain from the 3' end. 3. **Loops**: - **D Loop**: Contains dihydrouridine and plays a role in maintaining the structure of tRNA. - **T Loop**: Contains ribothymidine, pseudouridine, and cytidine, important for tRNA's interaction with ribosomes. - **Anticodon Loop**: Contains a set of three nucleotides known as the anticodon. This is crucial for base-pairing with the mRNA codon. 4. **Anticodon**: - Specifically matches the codon on the mRNA during translation. - In the illustration, the anticodon sequence is CUC, pairing with the mRNA codon GAG. #### mRNA Interaction: The bottom part of the image shows the interaction between tRNA and mRNA during translation. - **mRNA Codon**: - Comprises groups of three nucleotides called codons. - Each codon on the mRNA corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during translation. - **Codon-Anticodon Pairing**: - Demonstrates the complementary base pairing between the mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon. - For example, the mRNA codon GAG pairs with the tRNA anticodon CUC. This detailed visualization helps in understanding how tRNA translates the genetic code carried by mRNA into a corresponding sequence of amino acids, ultimately synthesizing proteins.
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