Post-translational modifications of proteins may include which of the following processes? Hint: there may be more than one correct response. Be sure to select all that apply. Oaddition of a 5' cap O removal of introns O methylation Oaddition of carbohydrates to form a glycoprotein Osynthesis of peptide bonds

Post-translational modifications of proteins may include which of the following processes? Hint: there may be more than one correct response. Be sure to select all that apply. Oaddition of a 5' cap O removal of introns O methylation Oaddition of carbohydrates to form a glycoprotein Osynthesis of peptide bonds

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter13: Gene Expression

Section13.4: Translation

Problem 3C: A certain mRNA strand has the following nucleotide sequence: 5AUGACGUAUAACUUU3 What is the anticodon...

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Which of the choices are types of posttranslational modifications a newly synthesized protein may undergo? Select all the choices that apply. changes to hydrogen bonding capabilities formation of an amide bond between Cys and an isoprenyl group removal of prosthetic groups removal of the thiol group from a Cys residue modulation of charges on amino acids proteolytic cleavage covalent attachment of oligosaccharides to Asn, Thr, or Ser
Match the post-translational protein modification to its function. Creates new binding sites by neutralizing positive charges Form protein complexes through quatenary structures Protein localization in the endomembrane system Targets proteins for degradation Creates new binding sites by adding negative charges Lipid anchors Glycosylation Alkylation Polymerization Phosphorylation Aceylation Ubiquitination…
What general structural feature is shared by proteins that specifically form homodimers (but not homotrimers, homoteramers etc)? Only one answer is correct. the surface consists of hydrophilic alpha-helix. the surface is highly modified by post-translational modification. the surface is permanently bound by chaperones. the surface is unstructured. the surface, or part of it, is self-complementary.
ADP ribosylation is one example of post-translational modification of an enzyme. Which statements about the process is true? ADP ribosylation will affect protein folding because of the addition of a large molecule ADP ribose can be added to the amine group of lysine or glutamine The ending of DNA around histones in the nucleus is altered by the ADP -ribosylation of the histone proteins in cancer cells ADP ribosylation requires ADP and the target protein as the substrates in the ADP ribosylation ADP ribosylation of phosphoinositol is an important step in signaling through a G protein-coupled receptor pathway.
Which of the choices are types of posttranslational modifications a newly synth choices that apply. changes to hydrogen bonding capabilities formation of an amide bond between Cys and an isoprenyl group removal of prosthetic groups removal of the thiol group from a Cys residue modulation of charges on amino acids proteolytic cleavage covalent attachment of oligosaccharides to Asn, Thr, or Ser Incorrect < Feedback Macmillan Learning There are four correct choices. Proteolysis (proteolytic cleavage) is the partial or complete breakdown of a protein. Keep in mind that amino acids are linked together during protein synthesis. Recall that some proteins are posttranslationally modified to form glycoproteins. Consider the structure, or components of, a glycoprotein. In addition, think about how the methylation of a protein affects intramolecular forces.
All of the following statements about translation are true except: Release factors recognize stop codons and prompt-cleavage of a peptide bond. Initiation factors are involved in ribosome assembly. In prokaryotes, initiator transfer RNA (tRNAf) is attached to formylmethionine. Each messenger RNA contains a start codon and a stop codon.
Put the following events involved with protein synthesis in order. Move first event to the top of the list and finishe with the last event. The anticodon of the second tRNA binds at the A site; peptidyl transferase catalyzes a reaction to join the two amino acids together. The stop codon is reached on the mRNA; no tRNA binds, the ribosomes and polypeptide are released. Ribonucleotides are added by RNA polymerase creating a single strand of mRNA. ⠀ The DNA double helix is unwound beginning at the promoter sequence. A 5' cap and 3' poly A tail are added to the mRNA The polypeptide undergoes folding and further modifications, if needed. The ribosome shifts one codon down, opening up its A site. The next tRNA binds. The larger ribosomal unit clamps down on the tRNA carrying MET. The mRNA leaves the nucleus. The 5' cap binds to the small ribosomal unit, leading to the exposure of the start codon; the first tRNA carrying MET binds. :: #10 #
Many enzymes are switched "on" by attachment of a phosphate group at a specific serine somewhere on the protein (phosphorylation). The basic reaction is: E + ATP2 Ep + ADP Po SERINE PHOSPHO SERINC (Note the "squiggles" before the backone amide and carbonyl indicate the polypeptide chain continues on either side of the serine). For phosphorylation to have this effect, there has to be some equilibrium between inactive and active forms conformations of the enzyme: [Eactive] [Einactive] Einactive 2 Eactive; K* The same basic equilibrium must exist for the phosphorylated protein: [Ep,active] [Ep,inactive] EP,inactive 2 Ep,active; Kp = (a) If phosphorylation increases the measured activity of the enzyme, is K* or K larger? Why? (b) Does the phosphorylation site need to be near the site where the enzyme binds its substrate (e.g. the reactant whose chemistry it catalyzes)? Why or why not?
Changing one amino acid within a protein sequence from a tryptophan to a stop codon would be best classified as Amino acids groups Group Characteristics Names Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe Trp, Met Ala: A Leu: L non-polar hydrophobic Arg: R Asn: N Lys: K Met: M Asp: D Cys: C Gly: G polar hydrophilic (non-charged) Gly , Ser, Thr, Cys, Tyr, Asn Gln Phe: F Pro: P Ser: S acidic negatively charged Asp, Glu Glu: E Gln: Q Thr: T His: H lle: I Trp: W Туr: Y Val: V basic positively charged Lys, Arg, His A) Conservative missense O B) Nonsense O C) Neutral O D) Non-conservative missense
Discuss how mutations impact protein function. Namely hypothesis the affect these particular mutations might have on protein function.
Here is a putative peptide sequence (position number on top of residues): 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 NH2- G C G N V T H N Q C V L S -COOH If expressed in a eukaryotic cell (please mark your answer in the blank space): Position(s) ___ could be N-glycosylated Position(s) ___ could be modified with myristic acid and the bond formed would be a ______________ Position(s) ______and _____ could be modified with palmiti c acid and the bond formed would be a ______________ Positio n(s) ________ could be a segment of a lipid-linked protein with a farnesyl anchor and the bond formed would be a ______________ Position(s) ________ could be a segment of an O-glycosylated protein Position(s) ________ could be modified with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor Position(s) ________ could be phosphorylated
Which statement about N-linked glycosylation is correct? N-linked oligosaccharides are attached to proteins one sugar at the time in the endoplasmicreticulum. N-linked sugars are attached to proteins as a 14 residue oligosaccharide during translation in the endoplasmic reticulum. N-linked sugars are attached to proteins as a 14 residue oligosaccharide during translation inthe cytoplasm. N-linked sugars are attached to proteins as a 14 residue oligosaccharide after translation inthe Golgi apparatus.