All of the following statements about translation are true except: Release factors recognize stop codons and prompt-cleavage of a peptide bond. Initiation factors are involved in ribosome assembly. In prokaryotes, initiator transfer RNA (TRNAf) is attached to formylmethionine. Each messenger RNA contains a start codon and a stop codon.

All of the following statements about translation are true except: Release factors recognize stop codons and prompt-cleavage of a peptide bond. Initiation factors are involved in ribosome assembly. In prokaryotes, initiator transfer RNA (TRNAf) is attached to formylmethionine. Each messenger RNA contains a start codon and a stop codon.

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Description: All of the following statements about translation are true except:Release factors recognize stop codons and prompt-cleavage of a peptide bond.Initiation factors are involved in ribosome assembly.In prokaryotes, initiator transfer RNA (tRNAf) is atta

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter13: Gene Expression

Section13.4: Translation

Problem 3C: A certain mRNA strand has the following nucleotide sequence: 5AUGACGUAUAACUUU3 What is the anticodon...

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Which of the following statements about translation is false? In eukaryotes, the 5' cap and the 3' poly(A) tail are involved in translation initiation. Peptidyl-transferase activity during translation is the property of a ribozyme. A base at the first position of an anticodon on the tRNA would pair with a base at the third position of the mRNA. The growing peptide chain is transferred from the tRNA in the P site to the tRNA in the A site. Ribosomes move along an mRNA in the 3’ → 5' direction.
Consider this list (below) of steps involved in translation. These steps are out of order. TRANSLATION: 1. the small and large ribosomal sub-units unite2. two amino acids join together.3. another tRNA anti-codon bonds with another mRNA codon 4. an initial tRNA bearing a specific amino acid arrives at the ribosome 5. the process continues until a protein molecule is completed6. at the synthesis site, initial mRNA codons are inserted
Researchers are studying the mechanism of the antibiotic chloramphenicol. They know that it prevents the formation of peptide bonds during translation. A model of the translation process is shown in the diagram. Which of the following describes where in the model chloramphenicol acts to interfere with the production of proteins from DNA? during initiation during elongation during termination during protein release
Which of the following interactions in E. coli ensures that the start codon of an mRNA is accurately positioned in a ribosome at the initiation of translation? O binding between the mRNA Shine-Dalgarno sequence and ribosomal proteins base-pairing between the mRNA Shine-Dalgarno sequence and rRNA of the small ribosomal subunit O binding between ribosomal proteins and the initiation factor that base-pairs with the start codon O base-pairing between the mRNA Shine-Dalgarno sequence and rRNA of the large ribosomal subunit
The ribosome is the target for many important antibiotics. Distinct antibiotics inhibit various steps in the translation process. Please specify which step of the translation (one short sentence is sufficient) each antibiotic below targets (ex: kasugamycin – inhibits formation of the initiation complex) chloramphenicol tetracycline erythromycin aminoglycosides such as kanamycin
Put the following events of elongation in prokaryotic translation in chronological order. 1. Binding of mRNA with small ribosomal subunit 2. Recognition of initiation codon 3. Complementary base pairing between initiator codon and anticodon of initiator tRNA 4. Base pairing of the mRNA codon following the initiator codon with its complementary tRNA 5. Attachment of the large subunit 2, 1, 4, 3, 5 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 1, 2, 3, 5, 4 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
All of the following are true about translation EXCEPT _____. as the ribosome moves from codon to codon, amino acids brought by successive tRNAs to the ribosome form a growing polypeptide when the ribosome reaches a stop codon, its subunits detach, and the mRNA and new polypeptide are released RNA polymerase assembles a strand of mRNA complementary to the coding strand of DNA Ribosomal subunits and a tRNA-carrying methionine converge on the start codon of an mRNA
Which of the following is NOT an event associated with translation termination? A stop codon enters the A site on the ribosome. A Release Factor enters the A site A terminal amino acid is added to the polypeptide to signal the end of translation. Release Factor mediates the hydrolysis of the polypeptide from the tRNA at the P site. The polypeptide and tRNA are released and the ribosomal subunits are separated.
The initial step in the protein translation is described by: release of the initiation factors upon assembly of the initiation complex binding of mRNA to the smaller subunit of the ribosome delivery of an aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site of the ribosome formation of the aminoacyl-tRNA
Many antibiotics are effective as drugs to fight off bacterial infections because they inhibit protein synthesis in bacterial cells. Using the information provided in the following table that highlights several antibiotics and their mode of action, discuss which phase of translation is inhibited: initiation, elongation, or termination. What other components of the translational machinery could be targeted to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis? Antibiotic Action 1. Streptomycin Binds to 30S ribosomal subunit 2. Chloramphenicol Inhibits peptidyl transferase of 70S ribosome 3. Tetracycline Inhibits binding of charged tRNA to the A site of the ribosome 4. Erythromycin Binds to free 50S particle and prevents formation of 70S ribosome 5. Kasugamycin Inhibits binding of tRNAfMet 6. Thiostrepton Prevents translocation by inhibiting EF-G
In the role of the P-site and A-site what is: The Processes in the Central Dogma. Identify where the polymerization reaction occurs. Identify in which direction the ribosome moves along the mRNA. How does translation terminate?
Use the numbers below to indicate the correct order of events (from left to right) during the process of translation initiation in bacteria. large ribosomal subunit binds to the complex. IF3 is released. The small ribosomal subunit associated with IF1, IF2, and IF3 binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence on the mRNA. tRNA charged with f-methionine binds to the AUG codon at the P site. IF1 and IF2 are released, leaving the A site available for the second charged-tRNA to bind the codon at the A site. 3 1 5 4 2 2 1 4 5 3 1 3 5 2 4 3 4 2 1 5 4 2 1 3 5