Phage -Transducing particle 1 A bacteriophage attaches to a specific receptor on a host cell. 1 A transducing particle attaches to a specific receptor on a host cell. Bacterial DNA 2 The phage DNA enters the cell. The empty phage coat remains on the outside of the bacterium. The bacterial DNA is injected into a cell. 3 Enzymes encoded by the phage genome cut the bacterial DNA into small pieces. 3 The injected bacterial DNA integrates into the chromosome by homologous recombination. Replaced host DNA 4 Phage nucleic acid is replicated and coat proteins synthesized. Bacteria multiply with new genetic material. Replaced host DNA is degraded. 5 During construction of viral particles, bacterial DNA can mistakenly enter a protein coat. This creates a transducing particle that carries bacterial DNA instead of phage DNA. (b) The process of transduction Transducing particle O FIGURE 8.20 Generalized Transduction (a) An error during construction of phage particles produces a transducing particle, which contains bacterial DNA instead of phage DNA. (b) The bacterial DNA carried by the transducing particle is injected into a new host, resulting in generalized transduction. Essentially any bacterial gene can be (a) Formation of a transducing particle transferred this wav.
Bacterial Genomics
The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.
Transformation Experiment in Bacteria
In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.
Plasmids and Vectors
The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.
After a phage injects its DNA into a bacterial cell, the cell begins making proteins that make up the phage coat. Why does the same thing not happen when a generalized transducing particle injects the DNA it carries?
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