Phage DNA- he Phage Infects bactertal coll Donor coll- (Infacted by a virus) that Is hes. Host DNA Is digostad Into fragmonts, and phago DNA and proteins are made. his Phagas assemble; occasionally a phago carrles a fragment of the host cell chromosome. In this casa, It carrles the hts gane Transduction in bacteria. Genes+Traits During transduction, a phage carries a segment of bacterial DNA from a donor to a recipient cell. In this case, the phage carried a segment of DNA with the his+ gene and transferred this gene to a recipient cell that was originally his- (unable to synthesize histidine). Following transduction, the recipient cell became his+, and thus able to synthesize histidine. Transducing phage with host DNA Transducing phage Injects Its DNA into a recipient cell that Racombination his- Raciplent coll- The transduced DNA Is recombined Into the chromosome of the reciplent cell. his Recombinant bacterium The racombinant bacterium's genotype has changed from his- to his".

Phage DNA- he Phage Infects bactertal coll Donor coll- (Infacted by a virus) that Is hes. Host DNA Is digostad Into fragmonts, and phago DNA and proteins are made. his Phagas assemble; occasionally a phago carrles a fragment of the host cell chromosome. In this casa, It carrles the hts gane Transduction in bacteria. Genes+Traits During transduction, a phage carries a segment of bacterial DNA from a donor to a recipient cell. In this case, the phage carried a segment of DNA with the his+ gene and transferred this gene to a recipient cell that was originally his- (unable to synthesize histidine). Following transduction, the recipient cell became his+, and thus able to synthesize histidine. Transducing phage with host DNA Transducing phage Injects Its DNA into a recipient cell that Racombination his- Raciplent coll- The transduced DNA Is recombined Into the chromosome of the reciplent cell. his Recombinant bacterium The racombinant bacterium's genotype has changed from his- to his".

Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)

15th Edition

ISBN:9781337408332

Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter20: Viruses, Bacteria, And Archaea

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3DAA: Bacteriophage-Inspired Antibiotics Although bacteriophages have been infecting bacteria for billions...

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. EVOLUTION CONNECTION The success of some viruses lies intheir ability to evolve rapidly within the host. Such viruses evadethe host’s defenses by mutating and producing many alteredprogeny viruses before the body can mount an attack. Thus, theviruses present late in infection differ from those that initiallyinfected the body. Discuss this as an example of evolution inmicrocosm. Which viral lineages tend to predominate?
The lipid content of an enveloped virus is produced from freely available lipids O viral made membrane O host mernbrane O viruses do not use membranes O self-replicating membrane from the virus
The lipid content of an enveloped virus is produced from O freely available lipids O viral made membrane O host membrane O viruses do not use membranes self-replicating membrane from the virus
Bacteriophage-Inspired Antibiotics Although bacteriophages have been infecting bacteria for billions of years, no mechanism, has evolved in bacteria to prevent the viruses from lysing the cell walls of their hosts. Now, scientists are targeting the same bacterial wall components that bacteriophages do. The goal is to develop antibiotics that bacteria will be less likely to develop resistance to. FIGURE 20.22 shows the results of a study to test Epimerox, a new bacteriophage-inspired antibiotic, against Bacillus anthracis, the bacterial species that causes the disease anthrax. FIGURE 20.22 Effect of Epimerox on the survival of mice with anthrax. Mice were infected with the bacteria B. anthracis. One group of 15 then began receiving a drug-free buffer solution 3 hours later. Another 15 were treated with Epimerox beginning 3 hours after infection. A third group of 15was treated with Epimerox beginning 24 hours after infection. In studies with Bacillus anthracis cells grown in culture, no Epimerox-resistant cells were observed. Explain why this result is consistent with the scientists' goal for developing this drug.
Bacteriophage-Inspired Antibiotics Although bacteriophages have been infecting bacteria for billions of years, no mechanism, has evolved in bacteria to prevent the viruses from lysing the cell walls of their hosts. Now, scientists are targeting the same bacterial wall components that bacteriophages do. The goal is to develop antibiotics that bacteria will be less likely to develop resistance to. FIGURE 20.22 shows the results of a study to test Epimerox, a new bacteriophage-inspired antibiotic, against Bacillus anthracis, the bacterial species that causes the disease anthrax. FIGURE 20.22 Effect of Epimerox on the survival of mice with anthrax. Mice were infected with the bacteria B. anthracis. One group of 15 then began receiving a drug-free buffer solution 3 hours later. Another 15 were treated with Epimerox beginning 3 hours after infection. A third group of 15was treated with Epimerox beginning 24 hours after infection. What do these data indicate regarding the optimal time to begin Epimerox treatment?
Bacteriophage-Inspired Antibiotics Although bacteriophages have been infecting bacteria for billions of years, no mechanism, has evolved in bacteria to prevent the viruses from lysing the cell walls of their hosts. Now, scientists are targeting the same bacterial wall components that bacteriophages do. The goal is to develop antibiotics that bacteria will be less likely to develop resistance to. FIGURE 20.22 shows the results of a study to test Epimerox, a new bacteriophage-inspired antibiotic, against Bacillus anthracis, the bacterial species that causes the disease anthrax. FIGURE 20.22 Effect of Epimerox on the survival of mice with anthrax. Mice were infected with the bacteria B. anthracis. One group of 15 then began receiving a drug-free buffer solution 3 hours later. Another 15 were treated with Epimerox beginning 3 hours after infection. A third group of 15was treated with Epimerox beginning 24 hours after infection. How long did it take for all the mice that received the drug-free buffer alone to die? What function did this group play in the experiment?
Match the terms 1Genome surrounded by a protein coat 2Functional viral particle capable to infect a new host cell 3Infectious protein 4Infectious agent that needs helper virus for infection 5T4 enzyme that creates holes in the E. coli plasma membrane 6When a temperate phage stimulates their bacterial host tostart producing a toxin (e.g. cholera, shiga) 7Virus that infects bacteria 8Hand N spikes 9Virus without an envelope 10Most common and best studies virulent phage of E. coli 11Protein coat that surrounds viral genome 12:true or false : some viruses can cause cancer [ Choose ] lambda True pathogenic stimulation False Nucleocapsid lysosome Naked virus induction lysozyme Flu viruses tobacco mosaic virus lysogeny capsid Lysogenic conversion Holin Prion satellite bacteriophage (or just phage) T4 Virion Streptococcus
Comparing influenza viruses and COVID-19 pandemic coronavirus, both these viruses can increase genetic diversity through O high mutation rates of DNA polymerases O sexual replication O high mutation rates of RNA polymerases O antigenic shift prt sc F10 home F9 11
As described in Figure, host DNA is hydrolyzed into smallpieces, which are occasionally assembled with phage proteins, creatinga phage with bacterial chromosomal DNA. If the breakage ofthe chromosomal DNA is not random (i.e., it is more likely tobreak at certain spots as opposed to other spots), how might nonrandombreakage affect cotransduction frequency?
Remdesivir is an antiviral drug that is currently being used to treat COVID-19. Which part ofthe SARS-CoV-2 life cycle is being inhibited by this drug?O SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host cellO Exocytosis of mature virionsO Structural protein translation© Viral formation and assemblyO Genomic RNA replication and subgenomic transcription
The process by which non-viral DNA is brought into a bacterial cell by a phage is referred to as Transformation OTranslation O Vaccination O Ligation O Transduction O Transposition Conjugation
Which cellular organelle or structure produces viral envelope?* OEndoplasmic reticulum. Free ribosomes O Nuclear envelope. Plasma membrane ) Nucleus.