MHC restriction is best described as a. elimination of thymocytes bearing T-cell receptors that are unable to interact with self-MHC molecules b. preferential survival and proliferation of thymocyes that survive negative selection c. T-cell recognition of a peptide antigen only when it is bound to a particular form of MHC molecule d. a state of non-responsiveness to a peptide antigen e. a condition in which either MHC class I or class II molecules are not expressed on cells.

Q: Sketch a B cell antigen receptor. Label the V and C regions of the light and heavy chains. Label the…

A: Immunoglobulin molecules are the globular proteins that are synthesized by the plasma cells located…

Q: Cytotoxic effector T cells also produce inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-g and TNF-a when their…

A: According to the question, we have to find out the reason behind the enhanced activity of the…

Q: Match the term in Column A with its description in Column B.

A: Immunoglobulins also known as antibodies is a large Y shaped protein used by the immune system to…

Q: Name two possible functions of CD8a+ dendritic cells that could account for the results seen in the…

A: Dendritic cells  Dendritic cells are a sort of antigen-presenting cell (APC) that structure a…

Q: MHC class I molecules present peptide antigens derived from a(n) _______ compartment, whereas MHC…

A: (Major histocompatibility complex). They play vital role in intercellular recognition and…

Q: uch of the following best defines MHC restriction? Select one: a. The TCR recognizes a particular…

A: Concept used -  T cell receptors and MHC restriction    Important definitions-  MHC restriction :…

Q: Match the term with its correct description Long, flexible molecule expressed on B-cells,…

A: B cells These are lymphocytes that are involved in the humoral immunity constituent of the adaptive…

Q: Match the appropriate term on the left with the appropriate definition of the right…

A: The immune system protects us from pathogenic infections.

Q: Which of the following interactions will NOT provoke an immune response?     A. Endogenous antigen +…

A: Ans - d) Endogenous antigen + MHC Class I + BCR, will not provoke an immune response. The two types…

Q: Compare B cell receptors and T cell receptors for the following criteria: BCR TCR Tyrosine kinases…

A: B-Cell Receptors These are those specific receptors that are present specifically on the surface of…

Q: Any given MHC molecule binds peptides that are related structurally. These families of peptides have…

A: MHC MHC is the Major Histocompatibility Complex that consists of genes that encode specialised…

Q: complement

A: Option D is answer .    The presentation of the antigens to the T helper cells for their activation…

Q: What is the predicted outcome if a patient receives an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant from…

A: A defense system in the body of an individual which constitutes a complex network of cells and…

Q: All of the following apply to allergic responses (Type I Hypersensitivities) EXCEPT: (choose what…

A: Allergic reactions, especially Type I hypersensitivity reactions, are a typical immune system…

Q: During MHC class I synthesis and folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a process of peptide…

A: The MHC class I molecules are responsible for the antigen presentation by infected or malignantly…

Q: Identify which of the following is not a characteristic of belatacept. a. contains part of CTLA4…

A: Belatacept is a new immunosuppressive therapy designed that improves the clinical outcomes of kidney…

Q: Organize the following steps in order of antibody production. A. CD40L-CD40 interaction turn on…

A: The process of antibody production begins with the activation of a CD4 T cell by a dendritic cell…

Q: Class switching is initiated by T-cell activation via CD40 ligation. You are working with a mouse…

A: Class switching, also known as isotype switching, is a process in B cells that involves changing the…

Q: A number of minor cancerous cells and infected viruses, such as Epstein Barr (EBV), are able to go…

A: Cytotoxic T cells or cytotoxic T lymphocytes are the type of T lymphocytes that plays a role in…

Q: activation of a CD8-positive T lymphocyte requires presentation of antigen in association with which…

A: The activation of T lymphocytes, including CD8-positive T cells, is a crucial part of the immune…

Q: A patient has contracted an upper respiratory infection caused by a virus. Her initial adaptive…

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Q: During MHC class I synthesis and folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a process of peptide…

A: A critical step in the formation of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I in the…

Q: 14. Predominant cell types involved in the humoral immune response are: A. eosinophils. В.…

A: Answer No 14 -- Humoral Immunity -- There are two types of immune responses             ( i )…

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A: NK cells are activated as an early event during an immune response and does not require the need for…

Q: Match the T-cell component in Column A with its description in Column B. Use each description only…

A: The match the column with respect to t cells are as follows:

Q: When an immature dendritic cell becomes an activated dendritic cell, all of the following changes…

A: Immunity is the capability of the body to fight against foreign attack and maintain the persistence…

Q: high

A: In sensitized individuals, on the surface of tissue cells (basophils and mast cells) the IgE…

Q: It has been suggested that complexes of IgE with allergen can be transferred from mother to child…

A: An Allergic infant will normally have symptoms in several body systems. An increased immunoglobulin…

Q: 1. In central tolerance, 3 mechanisms deviate B cells away from making autoreactive antibody. Which…

A: These are multiple choice questions.

Q: Many cells in the human body have proteins on the surface that are able to interact with the…

A: Introduction  Autoimmunity is defined as the inability of the body to distinguish between self and…

Q: Match the molecule or domains of molecules in Column A to what it binds in Column B.

A: The abbreviation MHC stands for the major histocompatibility complex. These are found to be…

Q: Identify which of the following statements regarding peptide–MHC molecule interactions are correct.…

A: The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a group of genes that help the immune system recognize…

Q: Amino acid variation among MHC class II allotypes that present antigens to CD4 T cells is…

A: MHC or major histocompatibility complex is a set of genes. These genes are responsible for the…

Q: Which of the following is true about MHC? Check all that apply.   A. MHC I is expressed in all…

A: Major Histocompatibility Complex(MHC) is basically a group of genes on DNA.It mainly helps the…

Q: You are investigating a case of SCID in which you have observed that the diversity of both T- and B-…

A: Both BCR and TCR possess unique binding sites. They differ in the process of the recognition of…

Q: T cells in the thymus are determined to be T helper cells or T killer cells while undergoing…

A: The immune system is a complicated physiological system comprised of several organs, tissues, and…

Q: Complexes of IgG bound to soluble multivalent antigens can activate the classical pathway on the…

A: Introduction :- One of three mechanisms that activate the complement system, a component of the…

Q: In general MHC 1 receptors harboring antigen are recognized by the CD-8 receptor on T-cells;…

A: Antigen presentation is the process by which a foreign antigen is recognized by antigen presenting…

Q: In organ transplantation, minor histocompatibility antigens Select one: A. can trigger hyperacute…

A: Organ transplantation  Organ transplantation is a medical procedure in which the damage organ of the…

Q: The following are characteristics of innate immune receptors except A. trigger immediate response…

A: Innate immunity is a nonspecific immune response having physical, physiological, cellular, and…

Q: CD1-restricted α:β T cells respond to lipid antigens of mycobacterial pathogens using all except…

A: Introduction  The cluster of differentiation (also known as cluster of designation or classification…

Q: Why HIV doesn’t naturally induce a strong CD8+ T cell response

A: HIV or the Human Immuno Deficiency Virus attacks the body's ability to fight infectious diseases…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.