M/C Which statement is the best with respect to how the mouse activates the interferon (INF) pathway with this virus based on the graph below? Infection of mice that are wild type or have the indicated protein or cell deletions 120 100 80 % Survival 40 60 60 20 20 0 0 2 4 T 6 Days after infection wild type RIGI minus Toll receptor minus INF a/ẞ minus CD8 T cell minus INF a/ẞ + CD8 T cell minus 8 10 12 Toll receptors are required for activation of the INF pathway. The INF pathway is activated through recognition of the virus by RIGI. Both Toll receptors and RIGI are required for activation of the INF pathway. Neither Toll receptors or RIGI are likely involved in INF pathway activation.

The PAMP recognized by TLR3 is doublestranded RNA (dsRNA). Against which pathogens would TLR3 be an effective immune receptor?

Toll-like receptors represent an ancient pathogen-recognition system. The first pattern recognition receptor (PRR) important in innate immune responses was discovered in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Stimulation of this receptor, called Toll, induces: The synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes The inflammatory response in Drosophila hemolymph vessels The production of antimicrobial peptides The recruitment of phagocytic cells to the site of infection The activation of Drosophila complement

Match the term in column A with its description in column B.

42. Endogenous pyrogen, as O TGF TNF IL 10 IL 2

In this figure, the rapid rise in Ab titer after second exposure to the same Ag is possible because of: 2nd Ag 1st Ag Exposure Exposure AIN IgG IgM 7 Time (days) 21 58 65 72 Eosinophilic granulocytes Cytotoxic T cells specific for the Ag Presence of memory B cells specific for the Ag None of the other four answers are correct Plasma cells that live many years

Why would be the advantage of the system described for HCMV? In other words, why would decreasing  NKG2D ligands and increasing HLA-E on the cell surface be advantageous over just down-regulating the expression of class I HLA?

Which of the following is more effective against bacteria than viruses? Type 1 Interferon Type 2 interferon Antibodies NK cells CytotoxicTcells

Which of the following would you anticipate would be secreted through the Type III secretion system during infection? a secondary messenger effector that is unable to cross the host cell membrane, such as the AexT protein that disrupts the host cell cytoskeleton the superantigen TSST that is responsible for the signs and symptoms associated with toxic shock syndrome a pore-forming cytolytic toxin, such as a hemolysin not enough information to determine the AB toxin responsible for the flaccid paralysis associated with botulism

In Type II innate bacterial immunity, which of the following molecules are required for proper assembly and targeting of the Cas9 protein? MRNA TRNA miRNA SİRNA O crRNA/tracrRNA