development of T-cells and B-cells

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells (CAR T cells):   Question 26 options:   Are typically used to study how drugs are metabolized.   Are very potent against solid tumors but do not work well against blood cancers (e.g., leukemias).   Are derived from the blastocyst then developed into modified T cells   Are potent against some blood cancers (e.g., leukemias) but have serious side effects.   involves mutating specific amino acid residues to tryptophan, alanine, and proline

For the following mechanism that is thought to contribute to maternal–fetal tolerance, state whether you would consider it to be an example of T cell tolerization, control of responses by regulatory lymphocytes, immune deviation or immune privilege: a) Tissues at the maternal–fetal interface are populated with non-professional APCs that lack costimulatory molecules

How could you distinguish the type of T cell that is active in an immune response? What outcomes would you be looking for to help determine which T cell is producing that result? Explain and provide examples.

Please provide explanation for each step

Link: Lack of RAC1 in macrophages protects against atherosclerosis - PMC (nih.gov) Could you explain the relationship between plaque, macrophages, RAC1, SM22 and smooth muslce cells? Would like to understand this topic below a bit better and the effects these things have on each other. After discovering that advanced plaques had a greater macrophage RAC1 expression than intermediate plaques, immunofluorescence was used to stain human intermediate (type III) and advanced (type VI) atherosclerotic plaques. The anti-Mac-2 (Cedarlane) antibody was used to identify macrophages, while the RAC1 (Sigma-Aldrich) and SM22 (Abcam) antibodies were used to identify smooth muscle cells.

True / False: Affinity maturation is the process by which the affinity of BCRs and TCRs produced in response to antigen increases with prolonged orrepeated exposure to that antigen. True / False: TLRs are only expressed on the cell surface, and function to detect PAMPS and DAMPS. True / False: T cells undergo positive, but not negative, selection during cellular development. True / False: The Fc portion of antibodies consist exclusively of the heavy chain. True / False: ADCC relies on the activity of mostly basophils or mast cells.