Class switching is initiated by T-cell activation via CD40 ligation. You are working with a mouse model that is deficient in CD40L. What kind of phenotype would you expect to see in the mouse? a lack of memory T cells O a lack of antibodies of classes other than IgM O extremely high concentrations of IgE O extremely low concentrations of IgD
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- All of the following statements concerning regulatory T cells (Treg) are correct, EXCEPT: The regulatory cytokines produced by regulatory T cells are IL-12 and TGF-B O Thymocytes that recognize self-antigen in the thymus with a certain affinity become natural (central) regulatory T cells O In the periphery T cells that recognize self-antigen in the presence of TGF-B become induced regulatory T cells O A Treg cell can suppress self-reactive lymphocytes that recognize peptides different from that recognized itself provided that the peptides are derived from the same tissue O A Treg cell can suppress self-reactive lymphocytes that recognize peptides different from that recognized by itself provided that the peptides are presented by the same antigen-presenting cell (APC)Naive T cells in CD69-knockout mice might: Group of answer choices Have a defect in recognizing antigen on activated dendritic cells Not be detained in the lymph node to get activated Have a defect in lymph node entry and accumulate in the blood Have a defect in responding to inflammatory cytokines in the lymph node Remain trapped in lymph nodes and fail to recirculate asap please.How is clonal selection related to the vast number of possible B and T-cell receptor binding conformations? Draw a picture to illustrate your explanation.
- Describe the relationship of the following term using short terms: Negative selectionNK cellPositive selectionRegulatory T cellSphigosine-1-phosphate (S1P)Sphigosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR1)ThymusWhich of the following best describes superantigens? O Superantigens are a class of antibodies that act as antigens presented by MHCII of antigen- presenting cells to overstimulate almost 30% of the T cells of the immune system, which overexpress proinflammatory cytokines leading to immunopathology that can result in multiple organ failures. O Superantigens are a class of antigens that can overstimulate almost 30% of the T cells of the immune system, which overexpress proinflammatory cytokines leading to immunopathology that can result in multiple organ failures. O Superantigens are a class of antigens that can overstimulate the B cells to produce a large number of non-specific antibodies that attack cells in our body leading to immunopathology and multiple organ failure. O Superantigens are a class of antigens that can overstimulate almost 30% of the B cells of the immune system, which overexpress proinflammatory cytokines leading to immunopathology that can result in multiple organ…CD8 T cells in a culture are analyzed for their ability to produce the cytokine IFN-g, and the numbers of IFN-g-producing CD8 T cells are quantified. As a control, T cells are also stimulated with an irrelevant non-viral peptide (ova) plus dendritic cells. The results are shown in the figure below. Why is the T cell response different between the two lymph node populations?
- 1. Which of the following statements about CD4+ Th17 cells are true? i. Cannot form T effector memory (TEM) T cell populations ii. Require the master transcription factor RORgammaT for their development iii. Produce effector cytokines IL-17 and IL-22 which help recruit neutrophils and stimulate antimicrobial peptide production iv. Do not require the transcription factor NFAT for IL-2 production downstream of TCR activation v. Important for defense against intracellular bacterial infection only a. i and iii b. ii and v c. ii and iii d. ii, iii, iv e. i, ii, and ivAn experiment is performed in a mice and studies have indicated that Batf3-/- mice lack one particular subset of conventional dendritic cells, known as CD8a+ dendritic cells (DC), but otherwise appear to have normal numbers and subsets of all other immune cell populations (e.g., T cells, B cells, macrophages, etc.). The results of this experiment are shown in the figure below. Name two possible functions of CD8a+ dendritic cells that could account for the results seen in the Batf3-/- mice immunized with WNV.The mechanism of cross-presentation by dendritic cells is an essential pathway for generating CD8 T cell responses to some intracellular pathogens. If this pathway did not exist, we would be highly susceptible to: Intracellular pathogens that can survive inside macrophage endocytic vesicles Intracellular pathogens that are able to evade antibody responses Intracellular pathogens that do not infect and replicate in dendritic cells Intracellular pathogens that can spread from cell to cell by inducing cell fusion Intracellular pathogens that infect and replicate in red blood cells
- Which two events are required to activate a cytotoxic T cell? There is more than one answer. O Class II MHC molecules present extracellular antigen for binding on a complementary cytotoxic T cell receptor. O IL-4 is released by a TH1 cell to be bound by a cytotoxic T cell. O Class I MHC molecules presents intracellular antigen for binding on a complementary cytotoxic T cell receptor O IL-2 is released by a TH1 cell to be bound by a cytotoxic T cell.What co-receptor do Helper T cells use? MHC2 CDK1 CD4 O CD8You are investigating a case of SCID in which you have observed that the diversity of both T- and B- cells (that is, diversity of both the TCRS and BCRS on the cells of this patient) is drastically reduced. List two genes whose mutation could produce this result, and briefly explain what each one's product normally does.