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explain the working mechanism of surface plasmon resonance
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- Explain classification of interferon’s based on the type of receptor through which signaling takes place and their classes.It is often helpful to draw a complicated pathway in the form of a flow chart to visualize the multiple steps and the ways in which the steps are connected to each other. Draw the antibody-mediated immune response pathway that acts in response to an invading virus.Explain the multifaceted role of interferons as first responders to viral infection: What types of interferons are activated by viruses at the earliest stages of infection? How are interferons activated? What types of stimuli activate interferons at the earliest stages of viral infection.? Identify the receptors to which interferon binds and how their activation affects gene expression?
- Explain the use of tPAs (Tissue Plasminogen Activator)Immune cells from the innate immunity arm are capable of participating in adaptive immunity. describe how it is possible for innate immune cells to contribute to adaptive immunity?Identify some PAMPs that are recognized by PRRs.Which cells express PRRs? How do PRRs associate withPAMPs to promote innate immunity?
- Type I interferons help fight against intracellular infection. Explain how it functions, what type of changes they cause in a cell, and why cells both produce interferon and the interferon receptors.Neutralizing antibodies are effective at preventing infection or toxicity mediated by pathogens or their toxic products. In fact, nearly all vaccines currently in use function by eliciting neutralizing antibodies. One example is the tetanus vaccine, in which neutralizing antibodies are generated against an inactivated form of the tetanus toxin (the tetanus toxoid). The most important feature of a neutralizing antibody is having high affinity for the antigen. being efficient at activating the complement cascade. having a high degree of multivalency, such as being a pentamer or hexamer of immunoglobulin monomers. being present at a high concentration in the circulation. 0 0 0 0Is this statement is correct or incorrect. Explain with reason and related physiological concepts. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can be found on the plasma membrane of macrophages.
- Explain how the process of apoptosis is induced and carried out in each of the following instances: (i) Natural killer cell (ii) Cytotoxic T lymphocyteIdentify the receptors to which interferons bind and explain how their activation affects gene expression.Compare the processes by which MHC class I and class II receptors recognize foreignness