Distinguish between proto-oncogenes and tumorsuppressor genes.

Explain the normal regulation of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that prevents cells from becoming cancerous.

Explain in general what is meant by a proto-oncogene and how they are involved in the formation of a tumor

The following chromosomal aberration is found in nearly 90-95% of all patients who have chronic myelogenous leukemia. This is because the change brings the BCR and ABL genes in close proximity. BCR is responsible for cell growth, and ABL is a proto-oncogene... this favors uncontrolled growth. Which is the most accurate description of the aberration... chio moso me 9 Philad elphia chromosome chromosome 22 BCR ABL 22q11.2 (BCR) 9934 1 (ABL) Deletion Translocation Inversion Duplication DELL O O O C

Explain whether a cancercausing mutation in a tumorsuppressor gene, such as p53,is more likely to be a recessive ora dominant mutation.

"In most differentiated tissues, daughter cells retain a memory of gene expression patterns that were present in the parent cell through mechanisms that do not involve changes in the sequence of their genomic DNA" is true or false.

Question 1. Describe and explain the epidemiological evidence supporting the view that cancer develops through a multi-step process involving increasingly severe stages.. Question 2. Describe and explain the genetic evidence supporting the view that cancer develops through a multi-step process involving increasingly severe stages.

List the regulatory mechanisms that might be lost in a cell producing faulty p53.

Mutations in the BRCA genes have been shown to be related to a higher incidence of breast cancer in humans, and genetic tests are available that enable women to discover whether they carry versions of the gene associated with high risk. However, even early detection of breast cancer does not guarantee a cure. What considerations can you think of for and against advising women to take the tests? ·

Describe the relationship between proto-oncogenes and oncogenes.