Distinguish between proto-oncogenes and tumorsuppressor genes.

Q: Deletion of a cellular proto-oncogene is likely to be associated with cancer.

A: True

Q: Describe three types of genetic changes that commonly convert aproto-oncogene to an oncogene.…

A: The genetic alteration results in the advantage in growth of the cell. The 3 genetic change…

Q: How can researchers pinpoint the particular driver mutations most responsible for the cancer…

A: The development of cancer is an evolutionary process at the cellular level. Several mutations…

Q: Describe three common ways that tumor-suppressor genes aresilenced.

A: Tumour suppressor genes are genes that can decrease the rate of cell division and growth. In the…

Q: What significance do BRCA1 and BRCA2 have in regard to developing cancer, and what types of cancer…

A: BRCA 1 & BRCA 2 are found pair in all the organisms where one gene is obtained from each of the…

Q: Explain the Role of proto-oncogenes and tumorsuppressor genes ?

A: The inactivation of tumor suppressor genes induces cancers although the activation of the…

Q: examine the process of gene expression. Include the following: Explain the regulation of gene…

A: Introduction Gene Expression Is The Process Through Which Information From A Gene Is Used To Create…

Q: Define Suppressor Mutations.

A: Suppressor mutations are helpful for distinguishing new genetic sites that have an effect on a…

Q: Explain the role of epigenetic alterations in cancer ?

A: Genes are the hereditary unit in an organism and are passed on from the parental generation to the…

Q: T/F : Proto oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes may lead to cancer if mutated multiple times.

A: Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that can become oncogenes when they are mutated in specific ways. A…

Q: Please explain the role of gene expression in the process of a stem cell differentiating into a…

A: Gene expression is the process of central dogma where protein is formed from DNA. Stem cells have…

Q: Explain how chromosome deletions, inversions, and translocations cancause cancer.

A: Cancer is a disease which is caused by the uncontrolled growth of the cells, without regulation of…

Q: Why can’t the kidneys just excrete the filtered plasma without adjusting it’s content?

A: Kidneys are the paired structures found in the lower abdominal cavity. The main function of kidney…

Q: What is a proto-oncogene? What are the typical functions of proteinsencoded by proto-oncogenes? At…

A: Oncogenes are those mutated or highly expressed genes that may alter the normal functioning of the…

Q: Define about Some Proto-oncogenes and Tumor-suppressor Genes ?

A: Introduction: Proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes belong to cancer critical genes whose…

Q: What is the difference between an oncogene and a tumor-suppressorgene? Give two examples of each…

A: Cancer is defined as the biological disorder in which the cells undergo uncontrolled growth and cell…

Q: Discuss how oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are related to genes involved in the control of…

A: Tumor suppressor genes are the regular genes present in the genome which are important for the…

Q: Compare and contrast oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.

A: Oncogenes are those genes that have the potential to cause cancer. These genes are often mutated or…

Q: Some cancers are consistently associated with the deletion of a particularpart of a chromosome. Does…

A: Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that encode for proteins required for the promotion of cell cycle.…

Q: Describe error prone polymerases and the process of translesion synthesis (TLS). In regards to tumor…

A: Translesion synthesis (TLS) is a method of overcoming stopped replication in which particular…

Q: How mutations, chromosomal changes epigenetics, and environmental agents play roles in the…

A: Cancer cells breaks the most basic rule of cell behavior by which multicellular organism are built…

Q: . Explain why mutations in oncogenes are generally dominant while those in tumor suppressor genes…

A: Proto-oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes are two types of gene essential for the control of cell…

Q: Compare the usual functions of proteins encoded by proto-oncogeneswith those of proteins encoded by…

A: Proteins are macromolecules formed by the long chain of amino acids. They are involved in a wide…

Q: Are genome and karyotype instabilities consequencesor causes of cancer?

A: Genome ad karyotype instabilities really leads to cancer.Lets have a detailed discussion: Genome…

Q: Mutations in proto-oncogenes that turn them into oncogenes tend to be dominant, while cancer-causing…

A: Tumor suppressor genes are the genes that suppress the formation of tumors in the cells or tissues…

Q: Describe the changes that can convert a proto-oncogene into an oncogene.

A: A normal functioning gene turns into a proto-oncogene, which can cause cancer when it is altered as…

Q: The palladin gene, which plays a role in pancreatic cancer (see theintroduction to this chapter), is…

A: A disease is an abnormal condition that negatively impacts the structure and function of an…

Q: Describe the effects of the mutation causing the p21 promoter to no longer bind p53 on cell…

A: p53 is a tumor suppressor gene but if p53 gets mutated then this protein is not able to bind to the…

Q: ''In the cellular regulatory pathways that controlcell growth and proliferation, the products of…

A: Cell regulation involves a complex mechanism of different cell signaling pathways that work in a…

Q: Explain the unique features of Ig genes.

A: Ig genes encode Immunoglobulins which provide protection to our body from Pathogens or foreign…

Q: A p53 knockout mouse in which both copies of p53 are defectivehas been produced by researchers. This…

A: p53 is a gene that makes protein call tumor protein and it acts as tumor suppresor.  It is found…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.