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Q: 24 of 41 The products of tumor suppressor genes cell division; the products of oncogenes cell…
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Q: why a mutant Ras is an oncogene causing many human cancers
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A: It is an uncontrollable cell division that get metastasized into surrounding tissues.
Q: Explain how epigenetic changes can contribute to tumorigenesis.
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46. Explain why mutations in oncogenes are generally dominant while those in tumor suppressor genes are recessive.
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- D) The level of carbon dioxide increases with the level of available oxygen. 60) The TPS3 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53. Known as the guardlan of the genome, this protein acts as a tumor suppressor, which means that it regulates cell division by keeping cells from growing and dividing t0o fast or in an uncontrolled way. The p53 protein is located in the nucleus of cells throughout the body, where it attaches directly to DNA and plays a critical role in determining whether the DNA will be repaired or the damaged cell will self- destruct (undergo apoptosis). If the DNA can be repaired, p53 activates other genes to fix the damage. If the DNA cannot be repaired, this protein prevents the cell from dividing and signals it to undergo apoptosis. Suppose chromosomes in a skin cell are damaged by ultraviolet radiation. If the damaged genes do not affect p53, which choice correctly predict if the cell will become cancerous and why? No, the cell will not…Classify the following genes as proto-oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes: p53, ras, Bcl-2, telomerase, jun, and1. True or Flase: Cells must only divide when they receive a signal to divide. 2. BRCA1 is a gene that codes for a tumor suppressor protein. If a person inherits a mutation in BRCA1, it greatly increases his or her risk of developing breast cancer. Are the cancer-causing mutations in the BRCA1 gene more likely to: a) increase expression of the gene b)decrease expression of the gene c)not affect the expression of the gene
- D) The level of carbon dioxide increases with the level of available oxygen. 60) The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53. Known as the guardian of the genome, this protein acts as a tumor suppressor, which means that it regulates cell division by keeping cells from growing and dividing too fast or in an uncontrolled way. The p53 protein is located in the nucleus of cells throughout the body, where it attaches directly to DNA and plays a critical role in determining whether the DNA will be repaired or the damaged cell will self- destruct (undergo apoptosis). If the DNA can be repaired, p53 activates other genes to fix the damage. If the DNA cannot be repaired, this protein prevents the cell from dividing and signals it to undergo apoptosis. eg Suppose chromosomes in a skin cell are damaged by ultraviolet radiation. If the damaged genes do not affect p53, which choice correctly predict if the cell will become cancerous and why? No, the cell will…Distinguish between proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. To become cancer promoting, do proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes undergo gain-of-function or loss-of-function mutations? Classify the following genes as proto-oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes: p53, ras, BCL-2, JUN, MDM2, and p16.What would be the effect of a mutation that inactivates the p14ARF tumor suppressor upon p53 functions?
- Tissues and differentiation a)Explain what is meant by termination and differentiation ).b) Explain the difference between an oncogenic and a tumour suppressor gene and describe how they are involved in the onset of cancer1. For each of the following genes, categorize them as a tumor suppressor gene or a protooncogene. Please explain each choice. Gene Proto-oncogene or tumor suppressor gene? Explanation Bcl-2 Rb Ras APC p53Describe how mutations in genome maintenance factors promote tumorigenesis. Why would inactivation of a mis- match repair gene cause colon cancer?
- 1. a)Proteins that stimulate/promote progression through the cell cycle are encoded by (oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes). Boldface one. b)Proteins that inhibit progression through the cell cycle are encoded by (oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes). Boldface one. c)What is the difference between a proto-oncogene and an oncogene? d)To cause cancer, proto-oncogenes require (1 or 2)allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are considered (dominant or recessive). The mutation results in a (loss or gain) of function. For each underlined pair, boldface one. e)To cause cancer, tumor suppressor genes require (1 or 2)allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are considered (dominant or recessive). The mutation results in a (loss or gain) of function. For each underlined pair, boldface one.Define oncogene, proto-oncogene, and tumor-suppressor gene.Explain how epigenetic changes can contribute to tumorigenesis.