Describe the changes that can convert a proto-oncogene into an oncogene.

Q: Describe the steps involved in the Direct Gene activation system. Give an example of a hormone that…

A: Steroid and thyroid hormones can diffuse through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane and use the…

Q: Describe the nature of p53 reactivation as acancer-fighting strategy

A: Cancer is a condition that arises due to uncontrolled cell division.

Q: A proto-oncogene is: a gene in the process of evolving into an oncogene     a gene that has…

A: Oncogene is the set of genes that if mutated or triggered due to overexpression can cause cancer. In…

Q: In a few sentences, describe how p53 guards the genome. Include at least two specific ways that p53…

A: The TP53 ( Tumor protein 53) also known as P53. This gene codes for cell cycle regulatory proteins…

Q: Explain the Role of proto-oncogenes and tumorsuppressor genes ?

A: The inactivation of tumor suppressor genes induces cancers although the activation of the…

Q: Define epigenetics. Write about epigenetic modification.

A: Epigenetics is the study of how behaviour and environment may influence gene function.

Q: Explain The p53 pathway is part of the G1-to-S checkpoint?

A: As with most body processes, the cell cycle is highly regulated to prevent mutated cell synthesis…

Q: Match the following changes with the correct responses. (Some answers may be used more than once.…

A: Introduction: Histones are proteins that act as spools for the DNA to wind around. It plays a vital…

Q: List the Pol II general transcription factors.

A: Transcription factors is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of gentic information…

Q: Define promoter-fusion.

A: Promoter-fusion are useful to understand gene expression. A promoter is a sequence of DNA that…

Q: Mutations in the RB gene are often associated with cancer. Explain how a mutation that results in a…

A: The cell cycle is the series of stages that allow the cell to pass from one cell division to…

Q: T/F : Proto oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes may lead to cancer if mutated multiple times.

A: Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that can become oncogenes when they are mutated in specific ways. A…

Q: Prompts Gain of function. Oncogenes Mutated forms of proto-oncogenes Examples of oncogenes Loss of…

A: cancer is caused by a mutation in genes it is heridatory Generally due to by chance in the genes to…

Q: Explain about the Cancer-causing gene formed by a mutation in a proto-oncogene ?

A: In genetics, the mutation is defined as the changes or alteration in the DNA sequences which result…

Q: For the normal cell to become a cancer cell, mutations should take place in protooncogenes to become…

A: Cancer cells divide incessantly, producing solid tumors or infiltrating the bloodstream with…

Q: Explain the importance of CREB, giving examples of genes activated by it

A: CREB is the cAMP-response-element-binding protein that is a transcription factor of 43KDa which is…

Q: epigenetic inheritance.

A: The genes are formed by the Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of an organism. These genes code all of the…

Q: Define repressors?

A: Regulation of gene expression is the mechanism of switching off and switching on the genes depending…

Q: The palladin gene, which plays a role in pancreatic cancer (see theintroduction to this chapter), is…

A: A disease is an abnormal condition that negatively impacts the structure and function of an…

Q: Describe a potential strategy for the treatment of epigenetic disease.

A: Epigenetic diseases are a type of disorder caused by changes in gene expression, which can be…

Q: Define the following terms: a. cell transformation b. oncogene c. apoptosis d. early response gene…

A: Gene regulation is the mechanism that acts to induce or repress the expression of the gene.that…

Q: ''In the cellular regulatory pathways that controlcell growth and proliferation, the products of…

A: Cell regulation involves a complex mechanism of different cell signaling pathways that work in a…

Q: SCENARIO: MM, a 54-year old female presents to the Family Medicine Clinic due to a 2-week history…

A: Glyburide is used for treating diabetes mellitus type II by the mechanism of increasing the insulin…

Q: Why do cells have proto-oncogenes? What is their function? Use specific examples in your…

A: A gene is a normal gene found within the cell. There are several proto-oncogenes. everyone is…

Q: Define inducer and repressor.

A: The gene expression results in the production of a functional protein. The synthesis of protein…

Q: Please explain the role of Ubiquitin Ligase Activity in the regulation of apoptotic cell death.

A: Numerous enzymes in the ubiquitin system govern both autophagy and cell death, and all these cell…

Q: In 3-5 Sentences  Explain the difference between normal p53 and mutated p53.

A: p53 is a protein produced by the TP53 gene in humans. The main function of p53 protein is to stop…

Q: Describe how the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is activated in cells (name the cellular/molecular…

A: During exit from mitosis and in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, the anaphase-promoting…

Q: SCENARIO: MM, a 54-year old female presents to the Family Medicine Clinic due to a 2-week history…

A: Introduction:-  Breast carcinoma is very common cancer in females and occurs most commonly in the…

Q: How might overexpression of proto-oncogenes lead to abnormal cellular proliferation?

A: A proto-oncogene is a cell's normal gene. Proto-oncogenes are plentiful. Each one is in charge of…

Q: Describe different techniques that mightrestore p53 to a cell lacking it.

A: Introduction: Proteins are major macromolecules that perform various roles in the living body. p53…

Q: Which of the following could be classified as an oncogene? None are possible oncogenes A mutant of…

A: An oncogene is a mutated form of a proto-oncogene normally present in a cell and is involved in…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.