Describe the changes that can convert a proto-oncogene into an oncogene.

Q: Describe the steps involved in the Direct Gene activation system. Give an example of a hormone that…

A: Steroid and thyroid hormones can diffuse through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane and use the…

Q: Distinguish between proto-oncogenes and tumorsuppressor genes.

A: The proto-oncogenes are those genes, which promote cell cycle and inhibit apoptosis of the cells.…

Q: Name the roles that Anaphase Promoting Complex protein plays.

A: The Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) is a multi-subunit protein complex that plays a crucial role in…

Q: Deletion of a cellular proto-oncogene is likely to be associated with cancer.

A: True

Q: Why is it harder to develop a drug that targets a tumor suppressor gene compared to an oncogene…

A: Uncontrolled cell division in the cells may result into the tumor formation. Sometimes the cells may…

Q: why EGFR play a role in CRC and other cancer?

A: EGFR : It is epidermis growth factor receptor.  CRC:  Colorectal cancer. EGFR : It is one of the…

Q: Explain the Role of proto-oncogenes and tumorsuppressor genes ?

A: The inactivation of tumor suppressor genes induces cancers although the activation of the…

Q: Explain The p53 pathway is part of the G1-to-S checkpoint?

A: As with most body processes, the cell cycle is highly regulated to prevent mutated cell synthesis…

Q: How can oncogenes lead to cancer?

A: Oncogenesis is a complex, multifactorial process by which normal cells turn into malignant cells.…

Q: Explain how mutations in oncogenes and in tumor suppressorgenes cause cancer.

A: Cancer is a group of diseases that involves abnormal growth of the cell. These cells have the…

Q: Explain why IC3 is able to stop cancerous cells from dividing ?

A: Tumor-suppressor proteins are those proteins that normally act to stop abnormal cell growth. But…

Q: Describe the general functions of oncogenes.

A: Ans: Oncogenes: The genes which has potential to cause cancer are called as Oncogenes.

Q: Prompts Gain of function. Oncogenes Mutated forms of proto-oncogenes Examples of oncogenes Loss of…

A: cancer is caused by a mutation in genes it is heridatory Generally due to by chance in the genes to…

Q: Describe X-inactivation process in humans.

A: In humans, the sex determination is  by the XX-XY method. Males are heterogametic as they contain…

Q: What is a proto-oncogene? What are the typical functions of proteinsencoded by proto-oncogenes? At…

A: Oncogenes are those mutated or highly expressed genes that may alter the normal functioning of the…

Q: What is the difference between an oncogene and a tumor-suppressorgene? Give two examples of each…

A: Cancer is defined as the biological disorder in which the cells undergo uncontrolled growth and cell…

Q: According to the multi-hit model, more than one mutation must occur in a cell for cancer to develop.…

A: A new multihit model of carcinogenesis is produced for use in assessing age-explicit disease rate…

Q: How do oncogenes differ from tumor suppressor genes?

A: Oncogenes are a physically and functionally diverse set of genes, the protein products of which act…

Q: Distinguish between proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. To become cancer promoting, do…

A: Oncogene is a type of gene having the ability which can develop a cell to a tumor cell when…

Q: The palladin gene, which plays a role in pancreatic cancer (see theintroduction to this chapter), is…

A: A disease is an abnormal condition that negatively impacts the structure and function of an…

Q: explain Translocations that generate oncogenes

A: A gene that has the potential to cause cancer is called oncogene. In a tumor cell, these genes are…

Q: What are Ras protein and p53?

A: Different proteins control different mechanisms in the body in inducing the cell growth, cell…

Q: What types of functions are performed by the products of proto-oncogenes?

A: Small segments of DNA encodes information for different functions and structure of the cell and thus…

Q: is a normal cellular gene that through a A an oncogene. OA) proto-oncogene...loss-of-function OB)…

A: An oncogene is a cancer-causing gene that has been mutated. A proto-oncogene is a type of oncogene…

Q: Describe how the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is activated in cells (name the cellular/molecular…

A: During exit from mitosis and in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, the anaphase-promoting…

Q: Relatively few inherited forms of cancer involve the inheritance of mutant oncogenes. Instead, most…

A: Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cell that has a defunct apoptosis mechanism. Usually, when…

Q: fine mecA gene.

A: Gram-positive bacterial acquire resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics through the assembly of a…

Q: How might overexpression of proto-oncogenes lead to abnormal cellular proliferation?

A: A proto-oncogene is a cell's normal gene. Proto-oncogenes are plentiful. Each one is in charge of…

Q: Compare and contrast oncogenes versus tumor-suppressorgenes.

A: Cancer is the uncontrolled proliferation of cells that can be treated by chemotherapy and…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.