a. CRISPR-Cas9 is a valuable biotechnology tool. Explain how this system uses RNA and the result of the interaction. b. How is this different from miRNA?

siRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 each interfere with gene expression by a sequence-directed mechanism. A. Identify the target macromolecule (DNA, RNA or Protein) of a specific siRNA/RISC andCRISPR/Cas9 complexsiRNA:CRISPR/Cas9: B. If a scientist would like to permanently turn off expression of a particular human gene inthe liver for the lifetime of an individual, which of these techniques would bepreferable? Briefly explain why

. In many bacterial species, regulatory sRNAs havebeen identified by transcriptome sequencing (RNASeq). How do researchers know that the small RNAspecies identified by cDNA sequencing are regulatorysRNAs rather than fragments of longer mRNAs?

Match each factor involved in miRNA biogenesis with its function pri-miRNA forms a hairpin that is recognized by Drosha and DGCR8 A. Drosha and DGCR8 cleave non-complementary tails off pri-miRNAS B. exportin 5 C. transfers pre-miRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm Dicer D. processes pre-miRNAS into mature 20-25 nt miRNAS binds to mRNAs and represses their translation or targets them for degradation Е. RISC

The FIRST transesterification reaction of splicing requires… Group of answer choices The 2’ hydroxyl on the 5’ splice site The 2’ hydroxyl on the 3’ splice site The 2’ hydroxyl on the branch point A All of the above   The addition of a poly(A) tail requires... Group of answer choices snRNPs to hybridize to the mRNA Poly A signal AAUAAA A polymer of T’s in the DNA template The TATA box   In eukaryotes, a drug that inhibits RNA polymerase III will first affect the transcription of… Group of answer choices rRNA mRNA tRNA Poly(A) tail   A bacterial promoter has the transcription start site at position: Group of answer choices -35 +20 +1 -10

Create a hybrid cDNA-mRNA molecule using reverse transcriptase and oligo-dT primer, what is step 3 of making a cDNA library?

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The siRNA and miRNA pathways share many similarities and also have some differences. Which of the following is true about these two noncoding RNA classes in regulating gene expression? O Both of them utilize the internally generated RNAS as sources to produce the short regulatory RNAS O Both of them need Dicer to process the long RNAS into short double-strnaded RNAS Both of them required perfect match between the short noncoding RNAS to the MRNAS Both of them end up with complete degradation of the target mRNAs

Compare and contrast anti-miRNA oligonucleotides, locked nucleicacids (LNAs), and antagomirs, which may eventually be used to treat certain forms of cancer.