A kidney patient is receiving dialysis to adjust the solutes in his blood to normal values. Assumethe dialysis bag is permeable to urea, sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate to determine whichway each molecule would move.Normal Blood Values:Urea: 7-20 mg/dclPotassium: 3.6-5.2 mg/dclSodium: 135-145 mg/dclBicarbonate: 23-30 mg/dclRenal Patient's BloodUrea: 30 mg/dclPotassium: 7 mg/dclSodium: 128 mg/dclBicarbonate: 27 mg/dclUsing the information above, state whether the concentration of solutes in the dialysate solutionshould be greater than, lesser than, or equal to the concentration of solutes in the patient'sblood.Urea: [ Select ]Potassium: [ Select ]Sodium: [ Select ]Bicarbonate: [ Select ]<>>><>

Define Dialysis It is the process of removing waste substances and water through an artificial…

Answered: A kidney patient is receiving dialysiš…

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter15: Fluid And Acid-base Balance

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3SQE

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A urinalysis reveals that the patients urine contains glucose, hemoglobin, and white blood cells (pus). Are any of these substances abnormal in urine? Explain.
For the past several months, a 24-year-old male has experienced fatigue, puffiness, and overall weakness. One day he noticed his urine had a red to brown discoloration, and that his urine volume was minimal. He went to the emergency room, where urinalysis, blood work, and other tests were done to obtain the following data: Urinalysis results Hematology results Appearance Red to brown Serum sodium 125 mEq/L Specific gravity 1.025 Serum potassium 6 mEq/L Blood Positive Serum creatinine 2.6 mg/dL Glucose Negative BUN 24.0 mg/dL Protein Mild pH (arterial) 7.32 Renal function tests Hematocrit 25% GFR (glom. filt. rate) 40 mL/min RBF (renal blood flow) 280 mL/min 1. What disorder is affecting this individual? What situation(s) predispose an individual to this disorder?
For the past several months, a 24-year-old male has experienced fatigue, puffiness, and overall weakness. One day he noticed his urine had a red to brown discoloration, and that his urine volume was minimal. He went to the emergency room, where urinalysis, blood work, and other tests were done to obtain the following data: Urinalysis results Hematology results Appearance Red to brown Serum sodium 125 mEq/L Specific gravity 1.025 Serum potassium 6 mEq/L Blood Positive Serum creatinine 2.6 mg/dL Glucose Negative BUN 24.0 mg/dL Protein Mild pH (arterial) 7.32 Renal function tests Hematocrit 25% GFR (glom. filt. rate) 40 mL/min RBF (renal blood flow) 280 mL/min 1. What disorder is affecting this individual? What situation(s) predispose an individual to this disorder? (4 pts) 2. Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia: A. Define these conditions. B. Describe a possible cause of each. 3. Why is there blood in the urine? 4. How do the renal function tests for this individual compare to a healthy…
One model of the glomerular membrane is a microporous membrane in which right cylindrical pores penetrate all the way through the membrane. Assume that the pores have a length of 50 nm and a radius of 3.5 nm. The viscosity of plasma is 0.002 Pa s. The average hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus is 60 mm Hg, hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's space is 20 mm Hg and the average oncotic pressure of glomerular capillary blood is 28 mm Hg. A. Calculate the flow through a single pore assuming laminar flow (use the Poiseuille flow equation) B. How many pores would there have to be to produce a normal GFR? C. If the total aggregate area of the kidneys for filtration is 1.5 m2, what is the density of the pores (number of pores per unit area)? D. What fraction of the area is present as pores?
A 68-year old woman presents with hypertension and oliguria. A CT of the abdomen reveals a hypoplastic left kidney. based on the following laboratory data which of the following is her estimated RPF? Renal artery p-amino hippuric acid (PAH) = 6mg/dL Renal vein PAH = 0.6mg/dL urinary PAH = 25mg/mL urine flow= 1.5mL/min hematocrit = 40%
the major difference between plasma and interstitial fluid is the absence of plasma proteins from the interstitial. explain how this affects solute distrbution and what kind of correction you would do it if you were measuring solute concentration
which blood pH would cause the kidneys specifically the collecting ducts to excrete bicarbonate (HCO3-) into the blood? note: this works through the carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system. Basic, acidic, or neutral.
A uremic patient has a urine output of 1.8 L/24 h and an average creatinine concentration of 2.2 mg/dL. What is the creatinine clearance? How would you adjust the dose of a drug normally given at 20 mg/kg every 6 hours in this patient (assume the urine creatinine concentration is 0.1 mg/mL and creatinine clearance is 100 mL/min)?
You need to evaluate kidney function in a 55-year-old obese man with type 2 diabetes; you ask him to collect his urine over a 24-hour period. He collects 4,320 mL of urine. The clinical laboratory returns the following results from analysis of his urine and plasma samples: Plasma creatinine = 3.0 mg/100 mL Urine creatinine = 40 mg/100 mL Plasma potassium = 5.0 mmol/L Urine potassium = 20 mmol/L What is the net renal tubular secretion rate of potassium in the patient described in question? Group of answer choices .280 mmol/min .140 mmol/min .060 mmol/min .030 mmol/min
A 60-year-old woman with history of lung cancer is admitted for weakness and lethargy for 4 weeks. Her serum [Na*] is 120 mEq/L. She weighs 60 kg. Her serum osmolality is 250 mOsm/kg H2O with urine osmolality of 616 mOsm/kg H2O. The diagnosis of SIADH is made. What would be her serum [Na], if she receives 1 L of isotonic saline? A. 122 mEq/L B. 116 mEq/L C. 118 mEq/L D. 120 mEq/L E. 124 mEq/L
A 2-year-old child, admitted to hospital following diarrhoea and vomiting, had the fol- lowing results on analysis of plasma, 24 hours after admission (reference ranges are given in brackets): Sodium (135-145) Potassium (3.5-5.0) Urea (3.5-6.6) Creatinine (70-150) Osmolality (285-305) The urine sodium concentration was 55 mmol/L and its osmolality was 314 mOsm/kg. Comment on these results. 151 mmol/L 3.7 mmol/L 4.9 mmol/L 65 μmol/L 314 mOsm/kg
The following substances are normal constituents in urine. Determine their metabolic origins in the human body. Urea - Creatinine Indican Uric acid Why is analysis of urine important in the diagnosis of diseases?

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