drugs known as potassium-sparing diuretics work by blocking the effects of aldosterone on the kidney. what effect would these drugs have on the amount of urine produced, on the blood pressure, and on potassium ion concentration in the blood? could these drugs have a negative impact on the acid-base balance of the body? explain

drugs known as potassium-sparing diuretics work by blocking the effects of aldosterone on the kidney. what effect would these drugs have on the amount of urine produced, on the blood pressure, and on potassium ion concentration in the blood? could these drugs have a negative impact on the acid-base balance of the body? explain

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter14: The Urinary System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3SQE

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Explain how the kidneys help to maintain the balance of acids and bases in extracellular fluid.
Renin is secreted in response to hypovolemia or to an increase in the osmolality of the blood. Provide three possible mechanisms by which these conditions may stimulate rennin secretion. What are the consequences of increased rennin secretion that lead to increased aldosterone secretion? Present this sequence of events. Why are angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) used as a common therapy for hypertension? How do they influence blood pressure? Are plasma levels of renin elevated or depressed in a patient with Conn’s disease? Why?
Please help me with these questions, more than one answer may be correct for each:1) Which of the following statements are true about the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis? A) Angiotensin II stimulates production of aldosterone, which increases sodium reabsorption B) Renin converts angiotensinogen to angotensin I C) Angiotensin II stimulates production of vasopressin, which increases aquaporins in the collecting duct D) Vasopressin decreases thirst E) Renin lowers GFR 2) The purpose of excretion is to A) maintain internal pH B) remove harmful substances C) maintain plasma volume D) maintain osmotic balance E) maintain internal solute concentration
The renal H+/K+ ATPase pump helps maintain H+ and K+ balance. In acidosis, does it excrete or reabsorb H+? does it excrete or reabsorb K+?
One type of diuretic given to people with high blood pressure, renal disease and congestive heart failure are thiazide-type diuretics. These drugs inhibit sodium ion reabsorption by inhibiting the transport in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. A) What does it mean to inhibit the transport of sodium ions in the loop of Henle? B) Explain how this inhibition of sodium ions in the loop of Henle could help increase urine production.
Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition where the action of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) is inhibited. If normal urine concentration is 300 mOsm/L, what would you expect the urine concentration to be of a patient with DI?
1. There is a medical condition called Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti-Diuretic Hormone (SIADH) secretion, which can occur as a result of head trauma. Patients with this condition retain water and present with a volume imbalance. A) Name the type of volume imbalance and accompanying direction of changes in ICF and ECF volumes and osmolality. B) Calculate the changes in osmolality and volumes of extracellular and intracellular fluid compartments if 3 liters of water are retained by a patient with SIADH. You can assume that the patient’s initial volumes were ECF=14 L, ICF=28 L. And his initial body osmolality = 290 mOsM. Remember that the total solute in the ICF compartment is kept in place by the cell membrane barrier.
Renal Physiology (humans) a) When blood pressure declines, granular cells produce renin, an enzyme that enters the circulatory system and cleaves angiotensinogen. b) Aldosterone acts on cells of the collecting duct to cause both sodium reabsorption into blood and potassium secretion into urine. c) The production of excess aldosterone by an adrenal tumor would indirectly lead to the hyperpolarization of excitable cardiac cells. d) Both (a) and (b) are correct and (c) is incorrect e) Statements (a), (b) and (c) are all correct