4) Two membrane preparations have been made from the plasma membrane of erythrocytes (i.e red blood cells)and are being maintained in an isotonic buffer solution: (1) right-side-out membrane vesicles, in which theexoplasmic leaflet of the vesicle faces the buffer (equivalent in orientation to that of the exoplasmic leaflet of theintact plasma membrane); and (2) inside-out membrane vesicles in which the exoplasmic leaflet faces the interiorof the vesicles and the cytoplasmic leaflet faces the buffer.80a.Right-side-out vesicles(ROVS)Very Low FluorescenceInside-out vesicles(IOVS)Very High FluorescenceA newly discovered phosphoglyceride, called phosphotidylalanine is currently being studied. AnnexinV is a protein that binds to phosphatidylalanine, which is one of the phospholipids present in the cellmembrane preparations described above. Fluorescently labeled Annexin V is mixed with each vesiclepreparation. The vesicles are washed to remove unbound Annexin V and then examined for levels offluorescence. Presence of Annexin V is detected by the level of fluorescence, as shown above. What can bededuced from these data?

The data describes an experiment on two vesicle preparations derived from erythrocyte plasma…

Answered: 4) Two membrane preparations have been…

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter5: Structure And Function Of Plasma Membranes

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 24CTQ: Discuss why the following affect the rate of diffusion: molecular size, temperature, solution...

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Cells transporting substances across their membranes is essential. Choose TWO of the following types of cellular transport. ๏osmosis ๏active transport (b)Using the same transport types, identify a specific cell that utilizes that type of transit (i.e. one cell for each transport type, or two different cell examples), and detail a substance that is transferred. (c)A typical human lymphocyte has a radius of about 10 μm, while a typical bacterium (e.g., S. pneumoniae) has a radius of about 1 μm. Assuming that both cell types are perfectly spherical, compare and contrastthe transport mechanisms for each of these cells.
Define osmosis and describe the effects of placing red blood cells in the following solutions 1, Hypertonic salline solution (3%Nacl) 2, Hypertonic salline solution (0.45%Nacl) 3,Isotonic/normal salline (0.9%Nacl)
Glucose transport across cell membranes varies depending upon blood glucose levels. When glucose levels are high, glucose transport is accomplished via membrane transporters. When glucose concentrations are low, the transport of glucose across the membrane is dependent upon the sodium ion concentration. What types of transport is observed for glucose? A)simple diffusion at high [glucose], secondary active transport at low [glucose] B)facilitated diffusion at high [glucose], secondary active transport at low [glucose] C)simple diffusion at high [glucose], primary active transport at low [glucose] D)facilitated diffusion at high [glucose], primary active transport at low [glucose]
A red blood cell with an intracellular fluid (ICF) concentration of 280 mmol/L, is placed into an environment were the concentration of the extracellular fluid (ECF) is 305 mmol/L. As a result, water will move across the cell/plasma membrane. a) Name the process by which water moves b) Describe the overall direction of movement of the water. Answer choices: (i) From outside the cell to inside the cell (ii) From inside the cell to outside the cell, or (iii) Equally, into and out of the cell iii Explain your reasoning for your answer to part (c). 1In your answer you must describe the environment on both sides of the membrane, and use 3 of the following 4 terms correctly; hypertonic, hypotonic, lower solute concentration, higher solute concentrationn (2pts -Correct use of biological terminology, and correct spelling is essential. Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt v Paragraph BIUA ...
5. Which of the following is NOT true about channel and carrier proteins? a) Carriers never form a direct opening between inside and outside the cell. b) Channels generally transport material faster than carriers. c) Only carriers are used for selective transport of materials d) All of the above are true about channel and carrier proteins. 6. If it can cross a membrane, a solute will move from a hyposmotic/hyperosmotic (circle or highlight the correct one) solution to a hyposmotic/hyperosmotic (circle or highlight the correct one) solution. 7. Water always moves from a hyposmotic/hyperosmotic (circle or highlight the correct one) solution to a hyposmotic/hyperosmotic (circle or highlight the correct one) solution.
3. 4. 5. The waved albatross feeds exclusively on marine organisms and has no access to fresh water. It has specialized nasal glands to excrete excess salt. Consider the cellular mechanisms that might be involved in the productions of the highly concentrated salt solution released by this bird. a) Would the production of the concentrated salt solution be an active process or a passive process? Explain your reasoning. b) What type of membrane transport mechanisms might be involved? c) What problems might arise if the albatross were unable to rid itself of excess salt? Consider the following statement: "An understanding of chemistry is essential to a solid understanding of biological processes." State whether or not you agree with this statement and why. Use at least two specific examples from this course to justify your response. a) Describe, using a diagram or point form notes, what is happening during transcription and translation of protein synthesis. Indicate where these events take…
The classic demonstration that cell plasma membranes are composed ofbilayers depends on the following kinds of data:• The membrane lipids from 4.74 x 109erythrocytes will form a monolayer of area 0.89 m2when spread on a water surface.• The surface of one erythrocyte is approximately 100 μm2in area. Show that these data can be accounted for only if the erythrocyte membrane is a bilayer.
Cells transporting substances across their membranes is essential. Choose TWO of the following types of cellular transport. ๏osmosis ๏active transport ๏facilitated diffusion ๏endocytosis / exocytosis (a)For each type of transport you choose, describe the transport process. Explain how the organization of cell membrane plays a role the movement of specific molecules across membrane. (b)Using the same transport types, identify a specific cell that utilizes that type of transit (i.e. one cell for each transport type, or two different cell examples), and detail a substance that is transferred. (c)A typical human lymphocyte has a radius of about 10 μm, while a typical bacterium (e.g., S. pneumoniae) has a radius of about 1 μm. Assuming that both cell types are perfectly spherical, compare and contrastthe transport mechanisms for each of these cells.
Identify the movement of water in surrounding medium and intracellular environment, given these hypothetical conditions. a. surrounding medium (7% salt, 93 % water) b. intracellular environment - RBC (25% salt, 75% water) 2. a. surrounding medium (35% salt, 65% water) b. intracellular concentration - RBC ( 2% salt, 98% water)
The intracellular salt content of a red blood cell is about 150 mM. The cell is put in a 500 mM salt beaker. (a) Describe what will happen to the cell in terms of osmosis if the cell membrane is permeable to water but not to ions. (b) Which direction would solutes diff use if the membrane was permeable to ions: into or out of the cell?
1.) Define the following types of solutions and give its effect to cells:a. Hypertonic –b. Hypotonic -c. Isotonic - 2.) What are the most important extracellular and intracellular fluid ions and give the significance of each?
The surface area to volume ratio affects the ability of the cell to exchange nutrients and waste products with the outside environment. Many factors affect the movement of molecules across the cell membrane, including membrane thickness, temperature, pressure, concentration gradient, molecular mass, distance travelled, solvent properties and surface area of the cell. In general, according to Einstein’s approximation equation (Equation 1), diffusion time is inversely proportional to the to the diffusion coefficient (D), where t is time and x is distance travelled. The diffusion coefficient is unique to each type of molecule and is determined experimentally. Waste products such as carbon dioxide (CO2) pose a unique problem to cells as their accumulation may be lethal. Exchange with the external environment is dependent upon the distance the waste must travel; for a round cell this will be up to half the cell diameter. Using the diffusion coefficient (D) for carbon dioxide (1.97 × 10-5…

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