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- The aerobic part of aerobic cellular respiration occurs during (a) glycolysis (b) the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA (c) the citric acid cycle (d) electron transport (e) all the preceding are aerobic processesWhich of the following reaction pathways is not part of the second stage of aerobic respiration? a. electron transfer phosphorylation b. acetyl-CoA formation c. Krebs cycle d. glycolysis e. a and d2. During glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate. Pyruvate then is converted to Acetyl coA and enters the citric acid cycle. Per one (1) glucose molecule that undergoes glycolysis and TCA cycle, complete the table below Equivalence in ATP Products from glycolysis 1. ATP 2. _NADH Pyruvate ATP: produced ATP АТР ATPS 3. ATPS produced АТР АТР Products from TCA Equivalence in ATP NADH 5. _FADH2 6. GTP 4. ATPS ATPS ATPS АТР TOTAL ATP Produced 7. ATP
- 1. How many ATP is produced in one molecule of glucose that undergo glycolysis plus oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA? 2. Galactose and fructose can also used as substrate for glycolysis. Their conversion into a substrate that can enter into the glycolytic pathway involves the use of how many ATPs? 3. How many ATPs are produced when the product of glycolysis undergoes anaerobic respiration?2. During glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate. Pyruvate then is converted to Acetyl coA and enters the citric acid cycle. Per one (1) glucose molecule that undergoes glycolysis and TCA cycle, complete the table below Equivalence in ATP Products from glycolysis 1. ATP 2. NADH 3. Pyruvate Products from TCA 4. NADH 5. FADH2 6. GTP TOTAL ATP Produced ATPS Equivalence in ATP ATPS ATPS ATPS ATPs produced ATP ATP = ATPs produced ATP ATP ATP 7._ATP1a. If you wanted you could take a glucose molecule and convert it to pyruvate via glycolysis and convert it back to glucose via gluconeogenesis. What is the cost of doing so in ATP equivalents? Show how you determine the cost via reactions (no structures). Explain in bioenergetic terms how the conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate in gluconeogenesis overcomes the large, negative standard free- energy change of the pyruvate kinase reaction in glycolysis. b. C. The consumption of alcohol (ethanol), especially after periods of strenuous activity or after not eating for several hours, results in a deficiency of glucose in the blood, a condition known as hypoglycemia. The first step in the metabolism of ethanol by the liver is oxidation to acetaldehyde, catalyzed by liver alcohol dehydrogenase: CH3CH2OH + NAD+ -> CH3CHO + NADH + H+ Explain how this reaction inhibits the transformation of lactate to pyruvate. Why does this lead to hypoglycemia?
- 1. Put together the sequence of components (numbers) that form the glycolysis pathway and the linked reaction. Choose the sequence from the following metabolites. Also mention the step in which NADH/FADH; is formed along with the number. > Acetyl ÇoA > Glucose. > Pyruvate. > Fructose – 1, 6-bisphosphate > Glucose – 6- phosphate. > Phosphoenol – pyruvate. > 1,3– Bisphosphoglycerate. > Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Fructose – 6– phosphate > Glycerol 2-phosphate /2-phosphoglycerate. Dihydroacetone – phosphate.28. Sucrose in human nutrition is hydrolyzed into its monosaccharide components by sucrase. Glucose can enter directly in cellular respiration while fructose is predominantly metabolized in the liver as illustrated in the figure below. Suppose 180 molecules of sucrose are to be catabolized, what is the net ATP production during glycolysis considering both substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation of NADH shuttled by malate and aspartate to the mitochondrion? [Hint: Sum of net ATP yield in substrate-level phosphorylation and ATP from glycolytic NADH] Fructose Glucose Glycogen ATP- ATP- ADP4 ADP+ hexokinase glucokinase Glucose-6-P→→→→→ Glucose-1-P Fructose-6-P Fructose-1,6-BP fructokinase rapid Fructose-1-P Rate aldolase B limiting Dihydroxyacetone-P Glyceraldehyde ATP- triose kinase ADP Glyceraldehyde-3-P Liver Also intestinal cells and kidney cortex O a. 810 ATP O b. 1260 ATP O c. 1800 ATP d. 2520 ATP PFK-1 Dihydroxy- acetone-P Lactate F1,6bisphosphatase…11. Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbon skeleton of glucose has been broken down to CO2 with some net gain of ATP. Most of the energy from the original glucose molecule at that point in the process, however, is in the form of (LS1-7) * Glucose Glycolysis High Energy Molecules in Glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle 000000 in out 2 NAD+ 2 ATP 4 ADP 2 NADH 2 ADP 2 ATP Glycolysis Pyruvate 2 Pyruvates from 1 Glucose Molecule 2 ADP 2 ATP ,CO2 000 COA NAD+ NADH H* COA Acetyl CoA 2 CO2 Pyruvate oxidation in out Citric acid cycle NAD+ NADH 3 NAD* 3 NADH 3 H+ Citric acid cycle in out 3 NAD* FAD 3 NADH FADH2 ATP FADH2" ADP FAD ATP ADP + Dept. Biol. Penn State C2004 acetyl-CoA glucose pyruvate NADH
- 11. Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbon skeleton of glucose has been broken down to CO2 with some net gain of ATP. Most of the energy from the original glucose molecule at that point in the process, however, is in the form of (LS1-7) * Glucose Glycolysis High Energy Molecules in Glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle 000000 in out 2 NAD+ 2 ATP 4 ADP 2 NADH Glycolysis 2 ADP 2 ATP Pyruvate 2 Pyruvates from 1 Glucose Molecule 2 ADP 2 ATP CO2 O00 COA NAD+ NADH H+ COA Acetyl CoA 2 CO2 Pyruvate oxidation 00 in out Citric acid cycle NAD+ NADH 3 NAD+ 3 NADH 3 H* Citric acid cycle in out 3 NAD* 3 NADH FAD ADP FADH2 АТР FADH2 FAD ATP ADP + P Dept. Biol. Penn State ©2004 acetyl-CoA glucose pyruvate NADHMatch group A with group B: Group A Group B ATP synthase that makes ATP, is a Pyruvate part of Transfers the electrons from cyt c to O2 NADH Both glycogen synthesis and glycogen +NAD breakdown share the metabolite Glucose converted into two of these ТСА суcle molecules a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase ETC inhibited by The central catabolic pathway is Ubiquinone Cytochrome c oxidase Glucose-1- phosphate36. What is the CORRECT order of cellular respiration events? Group of answer choices glycolysis—pyruvate oxidation—Krebs cycle—oxidative phosphorylation glycolysis—Krebs cycle—pyruvate oxidation--oxidative phosphorylation Krebs cycle—oxidative phosphorylation--glycolysis—pyruvate oxidation Krebs cycle—glycolysis--oxidative phosphorylation—pyruvate oxidation