11T1 Growth factor Growth factor receptor РІЗК PIP2 PIP.. PTEN Enzymatic conversion Activation Inactivtion ►Leads to activation AKT PRAS40 mTOR Other targets PKCα

Q: Which of the following signaling pathways use conventional molecular activation cascades (signaling…

A: Signaling pathways are a series of chemical reactions within a cell that occur in response to a…

Q: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) signals through a receptor, tyrosine kinase. EGF signaling promotes…

A: An epidermal growth factor is a protein-coding gene which is responsible for controlling the…

Q: when kidney cells secrete low levels of oxygen in the blood they secrete erythropoietin. in this…

A: Blood cells are prepared in the bone marrow. The bone marrow is the smooth, porous substance in the…

Q: What is the benefit of using second messangers and phosphorylation cascades during the transduction…

A: Cell signaling is the communication between cells and their components mediated by several…

Q: If a mutation is introduced into I-KBα that inhibits it phosphorylation by the IKK complex, this…

A: Mutation in I-KBα that inhibits its phosphorylation by the IKK complex can prevent the translocation…

Q: The MARCH-1 E3-ubiquitin ligase is expressed in B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. The…

A: Pathogens have evolved various mechanisms to evade the host immune system. One such mechanism is to…

Q: Match the G-protein with the action it causes: OPTIONS ARE (Gi , Gq, Gs) 1.Activates phospholipase…

A: G-protein systems:They have a transmembrane receptor (also known as a serpentine receptor or…

Q: Fat-soluble signaling molecules cross the cell membrane; but they affect only the target cells…

A: Answer: FAT SOLUBLE MOLECULES are those molecules which cannot be stored within a cell , they prefer…

Q: Which of the following signal transduction pathways is most commonly associated with the…

A: The binding of extracellular signaling molecules and ligands to receptors on the cell surface or…

Q: a. Referring to the signalling diagrams above, complete the table below. Consider how cell…

A: Hormones act via cell surface or intracellular receptors. Intracellular receptors affect gene…

Q: The figure below shows a signaling pathway activated by the binding of adrenaline to the…

A: The hormones are chemical messengers that activates specific cell signalling pathway in the target…

Q: A contributing factor to the development of arthritis is the inappropriate proteolytic destruction…

A: A variable is any quantity we can measure. In any experiment there are three variables: Independent:…

Q: Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of various conditions including high blood pressure, high blood…

A: Metabolic syndrome is a group of disorders that occur in tandem and increase your risk of heart…

Q: If you could design a drug to overcome the affect of the newly evolved Listeria protein to restore…

A: Listeria proteins are secreted by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes which is Gram-positive…

Q: How does YopJ block the TAK1 signaling pathway?

A: Yersinia outer protein J (YopJ) is a serine/threonine kinase that acetylates various MAP kinases…

Q: Describe the concept of a stress activated signaling pathway using an example from the lectures.…

A: A stress-activated signaling pathway is a cellular mechanism that is activated in response to…

Q: In which of the following rows the proteins are involved in the PI3K pathway in the insulin receptor…

A: Insulin is peptide hormone which is produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets. It regulated…

Q: A loss of function mutation in both alleles of the Bcl2 gene A loss-of-function mutation in both…

A: For the cell to evade apoptotic pathways, they need to get rid of things which kill the cell as is…

Q: Describe the mechanisms that limit signaling by the phosphoinositide pathway.

A: Proteins with lipid recognition, kinase, phosphatase, and phospholipase activities are dynamically…

Q: a) What purpose does this forward reaction serve in that pathway?  b) Does the reverse reaction…

A: The Hippo signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that is the latest…

Q: Use the SGF-signaling pathway image as a reference, to answer the following questions. Use the data…

A: ANSWER;-

Q: Which of the following would result in an INCREASE in BLOOD glucose levels ? choose all of the…

A: Introduction :- Glucose is the final product of digestion of food , that we intake . After complete…

Q: RAS is a signal transducer that acts as a switch for turning on cell division. Drag the descriptions…

A: Cells communicate with each other through specific chemical signaling pathways that are known as…

Q: Explain three ways in which gradual increase in an extracellular signal can be sharpened by the…

A: Target cells react to an extracellular signal during cell signalling in an all-or-nothing fashion.…

Q: cholerae, disrupt G Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways. They interfere with... the…

A: GPCR is a family of cell surface receptors that perform its action mainly through the action of GTP…

Q: What is the difference between a protein kinase and a secondmessenger? Can both operate in the same…

A: Signal transduction, also called cell signaling, is the process by which molecular signals are…

Q: TLRs activate NFkB, AP-1, and IRF transcription factors to induce the expression of inflammatory…

A: The activation of transcription factor such as NFkB, AP-1, and IRF is a complex mechanism involving…

Q: based on this image, please list the steps of fear response and what type of modulation triggers…

A: Fear could be a widespread feeling. We have all felt it at a few point. It is characterized by a…

Q: Consider the following simplified diagram of a signal transduction pathway that regulates…

A: Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a tightly controlled process that is essential for the…

Q: Which components of the phosphoinositide signaling system are soluble and which are associated with…

A: The phosphoinositide signaling (PSS) system works by the activation of the phospholipase (PLC)…

Q: What is the effect of pertussis toxin on G proteins?     Inhibits activation of Gαi leading to…

A: The GPCR (G-protein coupled receptor) is one of the very important cell signalling molecule. It is a…

Q: Familial hypercholesterolemia is a disorder caused by a defect in the LDL receptors on the plasma…

A: Question -  A normal LDL (low-density lipoprotein) signaling pathway is shown in the image.…

Q: Compare and contrast how the β-adrenergic receptor, the insulin receptor, and the epidermal growth…

A: A cell always receives signals from its surrounding when any molecule or neurotransmitter, such as a…

Q: Signaling can result in both fast and slow cellular responses. does the following statement…

A: Cell communication or signaling is the process that allows the cells to relay information and…

Q: Basal cell carcinoma arises from inappropriate activation of the Hedgehog pathway. Which of the…

A: Basal cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer. Basal cell carcinoma begins in the basal cells is a…

Q: Which of the following dephosphorylates PI 3,4,5-trisphosphate, thereby blocking the activation of…

A: The survival and growth is promoted by the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Protein Kinase B and…

Q: Which of the following is True about the STAT signaling cascade? O It amplifies signal for TGF-B…

A: Latent cytoplasmic transcription factors have been identified as STATs (signal transducers and…

Q: Most mammalian cells have a single immobile cilium called the primary cilium, in which…

A: Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is the process by which proteins are transported into cilia. It…

Q: The p75 receptor differs from Trk receptors in that it a) can promote cell death. b) has high…

A: Introduction: P75 receptors, also known as the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR),…