Which of the following signaling pathways use conventional molecular activation cascades (signaling cascades) to induce changes in gene transcription? These pathways involve sequential activation of multiple molecules in the cytosol before a final effector protein can translocate to the nucleus. Choose all that apply. □ Cytokine receptors signaling pathway O TGF-B signaling pathway ORTK signaling pathway Notch/Delta signaling pathway O Wnt signaling pathway

Which of the following signaling pathways use conventional molecular activation cascades (signaling cascades) to induce changes in gene transcription? These pathways involve sequential activation of multiple molecules in the cytosol before a final effector protein can translocate to the nucleus. Choose all that apply. □ Cytokine receptors signaling pathway O TGF-B signaling pathway ORTK signaling pathway Notch/Delta signaling pathway O Wnt signaling pathway

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter6: Cell Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1TYU: During signal transduction (a) the cell converts an extracellular signal into an intracellular...

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Put the following steps for the outline of the growth factor signaling pathway in order: Map Kinase Kinase is Phosphorylated Proteins involved in gene transcription are activated Growth factor binds to its receptor in the cytoplasmic membrane Receptor recruits adaptor protein and GEF Autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the receptor Structural change of the receptor activates Tyrosine Kinase Map Kinase Kinase Kinase is phosphorylated Ras, a small GTPase, is activated by the exchange of GTP for GDP Map Kinase is Phosphorylated Map Kinase enters the nucleus
In which of the following pathways are the receptor and ligand, both, membrane bound proteins? O Hedgehog signaling pathway Wnt signaling pathway Notch/Delta signaling pathway Cytokine receptors - JAK/STAT signaling pathway
In this mechanim of receptor regulation, there is uncoupling of the signaling pathway. Even though the ligand is bound to the receptor located in the plasma membrane, downstream signaling is not occuring. This is best described as: Answers A-D A receptor internalization B receptor desensitization C receptor sensitization 5 D receptor downregulation
Put the steps of the process of signal transduction in the order they occur (hint - try to decide which signaling pathway this is before working on the order): 1. A conformational change in the signal-receptor complex activates an enzyme. 2. Protein kinases are activated. 3. A signal molecule binds to a receptor. 4. Target proteins are phosphorylated. 5. Second messenger molecules are released. O 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 O 3, 1, 2, 4, 5 O 1, 2, 5, 3, 4 O 3, 1, 5, 2, 4 I
If a cell wants to directly affect transcription of genes by utilizing cell signaling which of the following molecules would a cell use in order to do this? O polar / charged signaling molecules steroid signaling molecules O protein signaling molecules O large hydrophilic signaling molecules
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2. Following Figure shows that intracellular signaling pathways can be highly interconnected? signal molecule plasma membrane activated GPCR activated RTK G protein G protein → phospholipase C PI 3-kinase Ras-GEF phosphorylated inositol phospholipid adenylyl cyclase IP3 diacylglycerol Ras Ca+ MAP kinase kinase kinase cyclic AMP protein kinase 1 calmodulin MAP kinase kinase PKA CaM-kinase РКС MAP kinase Akt kinase ALTERED CELL BEHAVIOR ECB4 EQ16.51/Q16.61 From the information in above Figure, which of the following statements is incorrect, and explain your opinion(explanation)? A. The GPCR and the RTK both activate phospholipase C. B. Activation of either the GPCR or the RTK will lead to activation of transcriptional regulators. C. CaM-kinase is only activated when the GPCR is active and not when the RTK is active. D. Ras is activated only when the RTK is active and not when the GPCR is active.
Create a diagram which illustrates the typical signalling mechanism of action of nuclear receptors and possible routes of communication (autocrine etc.). Should show the specific molecules involved, the mechanisms of signal transduction and indicate the different pathways thgt are activated. It should include a specific example of a receptor, ligand and signalling pathway for each general class. Include as wide a variety of ligands and modes of action as you can. for a novel pathway. Superfamily Give the superfamily to which the receptor belongs Accession Give the Uniprot accession number Name Give the molecule name Species Give the species Ligand What is the ligand, or class of ligands which bind to this receptor? Key physiological What are the physiological processes involved? Is this autocrine, paracrine or endocrine or some combination of them? What is the pathology of the receptor? process involved Mechanism of What are the downstream actions of the receptor? Which molecules does…
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G protein coupled receptors play an important role in signal transduction in many cells. Label the four essential components of the G protein coupled receptor signaling system (blanks a-d in the picture) by choosing from the menus below. a b b Each answer will be used at most once, while some will not be used at all (select one for each): Group of answer choices transcription factor с transcription factor Show Transcribed Text d transcription factor B C. transcription factor G protein second messenger G protein second messenger IE G protein second messenger G protein second messenger receptor receptor receptor receptor enzyme enzyme enzyme enzyme steroid hormone steroid hormone steroid hormone steroid hormone