Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The condensed structure of the 3-Ethylhexane has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Any organic molecule can be named by using certain rules given by IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry). IUPAC name consists of three parts, namely Prefix, suffix and root word.
Prefix- Represents the substituent present in the molecule and its position in the root name.
Suffix denotes the presence of
Root word - Represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton of the organic molecule.
When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo, if it is two cyclic structure combined then prefixed with bicyclo.
IUPAC naming for
- Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.
- Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.
- Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.
- Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.
In chemistry Structure is the arrangement of
In condensed structure representation,
- Some or all of the lines are omitted and atoms attached to carbon are written immediately after it.
(b)
Interpretation:
The condensed structure of the 2, 2, 4-trimethylpentane has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Any organic molecule can be named by using certain rules given by IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry). IUPAC name consists of three parts, namely Prefix, suffix and root word.
Prefix- Represents the substituent present in the molecule and its position in the root name.
Suffix denotes the presence of functional group if any in the molecule. It can be an alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc...
Root word - Represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton of the organic molecule.
When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo, if it is two cyclic structure combined then prefixed with bicyclo.
IUPAC naming for Alkane:
- Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.
- Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.
- Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.
- Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.
In chemistry Structure is the arrangement of chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule, specifically which atoms are chemically bonded to what other atoms with what kind of chemical bond.
In condensed structure representation,
- Some or all of the lines are omitted and atoms attached to carbon are written immediately after it.
(c)
Interpretation:
The condensed structure of the 3-ethyl-3,4-dimethylheptane has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Any organic molecule can be named by using certain rules given by IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry). IUPAC name consists of three parts, namely Prefix, suffix and root word.
Prefix- Represents the substituent present in the molecule and its position in the root name.
Suffix denotes the presence of functional group if any in the molecule. It can be an alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc...
Root word - Represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton of the organic molecule.
When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo, if it is two cyclic structure combined then prefixed with bicyclo.
IUPAC naming for Alkane:
- Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.
- Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.
- Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.
- Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.
In chemistry Structure is the arrangement of chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule, specifically which atoms are chemically bonded to what other atoms with what kind of chemical bond.
In condensed structure representation,
- Some or all of the lines are omitted and atoms attached to carbon are written immediately after it.
(d)
Interpretation:
The condensed structure of the 5-isopropyl-2-methyloctane has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Any organic molecule can be named by using certain rules given by IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry). IUPAC name consists of three parts, namely Prefix, suffix and root word.
Prefix- Represents the substituent present in the molecule and its position in the root name.
Suffix denotes the presence of functional group if any in the molecule. It can be an alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc...
Root word - Represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton of the organic molecule.
When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo, if it is two cyclic structure combined then prefixed with bicyclo.
IUPAC naming for Alkane:
- Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.
- Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.
- Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.
- Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.
In chemistry Structure is the arrangement of chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule, specifically which atoms are chemically bonded to what other atoms with what kind of chemical bond.
In condensed structure representation,
- Some or all of the lines are omitted and atoms attached to carbon are written immediately after it.
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Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 23 Solutions
General Chemistry: Atoms First
- (b) Draw structures corresponding to the following IUPAC names. (a) 3,4-Dimethylnonane (c) 2,2-Dimethyl-4-propyloctane (d) 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (b) 3-Ethyl-4,4-dimethylheptanearrow_forwardDraw complete structural diagrams of the following compounds. (a) 2-methyl,pent-2-ene (b) propyne (c) 2,3-dimethyl butane (d) cycloheptanearrow_forwardFor each of the following hydrocarbons, state how many carbon atoms are in each molecule: (a) 2-methylhexane (b) neopentane (c) acetylenearrow_forward
- Write the condensed formulas of the following names of organic compounds. (a). 6-ethyl-4-isopropyl-3-methyloctanearrow_forwardDraw structures for the following molecules. (a) 2-iodo-2,3-dimethylheptane (b) 4-cyclopropyl-3-ethyl-2-methyloctane (c) 1-ethyl-2,4-dimethylcyclopentanearrow_forwardDraw the structural formulas for the following compounds. Include all the bonds to hydrogen atoms. Be sure to answer both parts. (a) 1,4-dichloro-2-ethylbenzene: (b) 2-ethyl-1,3-dimethylbenzene:arrow_forward
- correct IUPAC name of the following compounds (a) 4-methylhexane (b) 1,5-dimethyl-3-ethylpentane (c) 2,7,8-trimethyloctanearrow_forwardcorrect IUPAC name of the following compounds (a)4-methylhexane (b)1,5-dimethyl-3-ethylpentane (c)2,7,8-trimethyloctanearrow_forwardDraw structures corresponding to the following IUPAC names 2-Methyl-1,5-hexadiene Explain why each of the following names is incorrect and give the correct name, (a) 2,2-Dimethyl-6-ethylheptane (c) 3-Ethyl-4,4-dimethylhexanearrow_forward
- 12. Draw the condensed structural formula of the following organic molecules (a) 2-ethylpropane (b) 2-ethyl-2,4,4-trimethylpentane (c)2,2,2-trimethylethane (d)2-methylbutane (e)2,3,3-triethylpentane (f)2,2-dimethyl-3-propyloctane (g) pent-2-ene (h)3,3-dimethylprop-2-ene (i)4-ethyl-2,5-dimethyloct-3-ene (i)4-ethyl-4,5-dimethylhex-1-ene (k)but-2-yne (1)4-ethyl-4-methylhept-3-yne (m)2,5,7-trimethylnon-3-yne (n)1,2-dimethylcyclohexane (0)3-methyl-3-propylcyclohexane (p)2-cyclobutylpentane (g) 1-ethyl-3-propylbenzene (r)2-phenyl-5-propyloctanearrow_forwardAll of the following names are incorrect or incomplete. In each case, draw the structure (or a possible structure) and name it correctly.(a) 3-ethyl-4-methylpentane (b) 2-ethyl-3-methylpentanearrow_forwardWrite the condensed formulas of the following names of organic compounds. (a). 4-methyl-3,6-octadiene (b). N-ethyl-N-methyl-3,4-dimethylanilinearrow_forward
- Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...ChemistryISBN:9781305079250Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed PetersPublisher:Cengage Learning