Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9.4, Problem 6LO
Describe the flow of electrons through photosystems I and II in the noncyclic electron transport pathway and the products produced. Contrast this flow with cyclic electron transport.
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Describe the flow of electrons through photosystems I and II in the noncyclic electron transport pathway and the products produced. Contrast this flow with cyclic electron transport.
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electron flow through photosystem complexes is to:
Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma but the photosystems and membrane proteins of the electron transport chain are unharmed. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following processes?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 9.1 - Describe the physical properties of light and...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 9.2 - Diagram the internal structure of a chloroplast...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.2 - What is the significance that the combined...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 9.3 - Describe photosynthesis as a redox process.Ch. 9.3 - Distinguish between the light-dependent reactions...
Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.3 - In what ways do the carbon fixation reactions...Ch. 9.4 - Describe the flow of electrons through...Ch. 9.4 - Explain how a proton (H+) gradient is established...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 9.4 - PREDICT Can cyclic electron transport alone...Ch. 9.5 - Summarize the three phases of the Calvin cycle and...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 9LOCh. 9.5 - Prob. 10LOCh. 9.5 - Describe what happens in each of the three phases...Ch. 9.5 - A decrease in entropy occurs during the CO2 uptake...Ch. 9.5 - In what ways does photorespiration differ from...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 4CCh. 9.6 - Prob. 11LOCh. 9.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.7 - State the importance of photosynthesis both in a...Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.7 - Prob. 2CCh. 9 - Where is chlorophyll located in the chloroplast?...Ch. 9 - In photolysis some of the energy captured by...Ch. 9 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 9 - In ________, electrons that have been energized by...Ch. 9 - The Calvin cycle begins when CO2 reacts with (a)...Ch. 9 - The enzyme directly responsible for almost all...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 9 - An organism characterized as a photoautotroph...Ch. 9 - VISUALIZE Draw a simple sketch illustrating a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 9 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 9 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 9 - CONNECT High-energy electrons from glucose are...Ch. 9 - PREDICT What would life be like for...Ch. 9 - EVOLUTION LINK Propose an explanation for...Ch. 9 - INTERPRET DATA The figure depicts the absorption...Ch. 9 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOAETY What strategies...
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- The Overall Free Energy Change for Photosynthetic NADP+ Reduction What is the overall free energy change (G) for noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport? 4 (700-nm photons) + 4 (680-nm photons) + 2 H2O + 2 NADP+O2 + 2 NADPH + 2H+arrow_forwardDescribe in detail the structure and function of the electron transport chain. Discuss how the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle act synergistically to produce food for plants.arrow_forwardDaniel Arnon and coworkers carried out experiments with intact, salt- washed chloroplasts to study photophosphorylation. When the chloroplasts were illuminated in the presence of ADP +P, ATP was produced, but oxygen was not produced or nor consumed. ATP formation was not accom- panied by a measurable electron transport involving any external electron donor or acceptor. The overall reaction for this result is: ADP + P -", ATP When NADP+ was included in addition to the ADP + P, ilumination of the intact chloroplats again resulted in resulted in the photophosphorylation of ADP to ATP. In addition, the NADPpt was reduced to NADPH + H* and o, was produced. Moreover, the light-induced reduction of NADP* was greatly decreased if ADP + P; were ommitted. The equation for this reaction is: NADP* + H,0 + ADP + R -", NADPH + H + ATP + }02 Briefly describe the mechanism(s) of these two types of photophosphoryla- tion that explain all of these results.arrow_forward
- ATP is produced by chemiosmosis in photosynthesis". Identify where and how this chemical gradient is formed?how this is driving the ATP synthesis. Mention where the light dependent and light independent reactions of photosynthesis take place along with the functional end product(s) of these two stages. Dark and light reactions of photosynthesis are interconnected, how?arrow_forwardList the products of linear electron transport and cyclic electron transport, and describe the role of cyclic electron transport.arrow_forwardIn the Light Reaction of Photosynthesis, the sun excites electrons in pigment molecules in the photosystems. These excited electrons and (H+ ions) go through electron transport systems. Keep in mind that if this process continued as stated, the pigment molecules would run out of electrons, but fortunately there is a way in which the excited electrons are replaced. Explain how the electrons are ultimately replaced and what the important byproduct is.arrow_forward
- In cyclic photophosphorylation in photosystem I, ATP is produced, even though water is not split. Explain how the process takes place.arrow_forwardWhat is the chemical formula for photosynthesis? Discuss why (1) Sunlight and water are required for photosynthesis, and (2) Which molecule is reduced, and which is oxidized. Describe in detail the structure and function of the electron transport chain. Discuss how the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle act synergistically to produce food for plants.arrow_forwardName the process of conversion of ADP into ATP during the first phase of photosynthesis.arrow_forward
- Identify the chemical basis for ApH and AY across the chloroplast thylakoid membrane by dragging the descriptions to their targets. Be sure to notice that the upper arrow iindicates ApH and the lower arrow indicates ΔΨ. ATP synthase complex H+ N ADP + P₁ Light energy ATP H*N Photosystem I/II- Chloroplast N side Aus PN ApH T + Thylakoid membrane HTp H+p Lumen Stroma P side Proton circuit A B High H concentration Low positive charge High positive charge Low H+ concentration Within the image, identify the types of proton translocation by dragging each label to its target. O XH₂ 2H+ + Z 2 H* ZH₂ O XH₂ Z 2H+ ZH₂ 2H+ C A B Proton pump Redox looparrow_forwardWhich of the following correctly sequences the steps of non-cyclic electron transport? * Water is oxidized by the capture of light energy; these excited electrons are passed through the dark reactions, returning to chlorophyll during the final light reactions The ATP and NADPH generated by the reactions of photosystem Il and photosystem I are utilized by the Calvin Cycle to build high energy glucose molecules Electrons donated from water molecules pass through photosystem I then O photosystem II before returning to the chlorophyll molecules, generating ATP in the process Chlorophyll molecules absorb UV radiation exciting electrons which flow through photosystem I, returning to the chlorophyll molecules ) This is a required questionarrow_forwardATP energy molecules are synthesized during the oxidative phosphorylation of cellular respiration in mitochondria and the light reaction of photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Using the diagram below as a guide, compare and contrast the mechanisms of ATP synthesis in the two processes.arrow_forward
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