Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 9, Problem 3TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Photosynthesis is a process by which carbon dioxide and water are used to produce glucose molecules by using energy from sunlight. The process of conversion of light energy to the chemical energy occurs in the two phases of reactions, that is, the light-dependent reaction and carbon fixation reaction (dark reactions).
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(a) NAD+ kinase catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of NAD* to
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 9.1 - Describe the physical properties of light and...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 9.2 - Diagram the internal structure of a chloroplast...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.2 - What is the significance that the combined...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 9.3 - Describe photosynthesis as a redox process.Ch. 9.3 - Distinguish between the light-dependent reactions...
Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.3 - In what ways do the carbon fixation reactions...Ch. 9.4 - Describe the flow of electrons through...Ch. 9.4 - Explain how a proton (H+) gradient is established...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 9.4 - PREDICT Can cyclic electron transport alone...Ch. 9.5 - Summarize the three phases of the Calvin cycle and...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 9LOCh. 9.5 - Prob. 10LOCh. 9.5 - Describe what happens in each of the three phases...Ch. 9.5 - A decrease in entropy occurs during the CO2 uptake...Ch. 9.5 - In what ways does photorespiration differ from...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 4CCh. 9.6 - Prob. 11LOCh. 9.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.7 - State the importance of photosynthesis both in a...Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 1CCh. 9.7 - Prob. 2CCh. 9 - Where is chlorophyll located in the chloroplast?...Ch. 9 - In photolysis some of the energy captured by...Ch. 9 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 9 - In ________, electrons that have been energized by...Ch. 9 - The Calvin cycle begins when CO2 reacts with (a)...Ch. 9 - The enzyme directly responsible for almost all...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 9 - An organism characterized as a photoautotroph...Ch. 9 - VISUALIZE Draw a simple sketch illustrating a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 9 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 9 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 9 - CONNECT High-energy electrons from glucose are...Ch. 9 - PREDICT What would life be like for...Ch. 9 - EVOLUTION LINK Propose an explanation for...Ch. 9 - INTERPRET DATA The figure depicts the absorption...Ch. 9 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOAETY What strategies...
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- the reduced electron carrier that enters Complex II of the electron transport chain, downstream of Complex I, producing less useable energy in cellular respiration is ? (a) CoA (b) NADH + H+ (c) FMN (d) TPP (e) FADH2arrow_forwardDaniel Arnon and coworkers carried out experiments with intact, salt- washed chloroplasts to study photophosphorylation. When the chloroplasts were illuminated in the presence of ADP +P, ATP was produced, but oxygen was not produced or nor consumed. ATP formation was not accom- panied by a measurable electron transport involving any external electron donor or acceptor. The overall reaction for this result is: ADP + P -", ATP When NADP+ was included in addition to the ADP + P, ilumination of the intact chloroplats again resulted in resulted in the photophosphorylation of ADP to ATP. In addition, the NADPpt was reduced to NADPH + H* and o, was produced. Moreover, the light-induced reduction of NADP* was greatly decreased if ADP + P; were ommitted. The equation for this reaction is: NADP* + H,0 + ADP + R -", NADPH + H + ATP + }02 Briefly describe the mechanism(s) of these two types of photophosphoryla- tion that explain all of these results.arrow_forwardThe following statements describe the path of electrons from NADH through the electron transport chain. Please arrange them in order: Cytochrome c (Fe2+) carries electrons to Complex IV. Cytochrome c (Fe3+) is reduced to cytochrome c (Fe2+) QH2 carries electrons to Complex III Oxygen is reduced to water Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) is reduced to ubiquinol (QH2)arrow_forward
- Place the following components of the electron-transport chain in their proper order: (a) cytochrome c (b) Q-cytochrome coxidoreductase (c) NADH-Q reductase (d) cytochrome c oxidase (e) ubiquinonearrow_forwardWhich of the following is the major source of electrons that flow through the mitochondrial electron transport chain? (a) H2 0 (b) ATP (c) NADH (d) ATP synthase (e) coenzyme Aarrow_forwardThe reduction potential of NADH is -320 mV. To which one of the following electron carriers could NADH donate electrons? 1. -120 mV mV b. -400 mV d. +0.50 mV Choices (a) and (b) O Choices (a), (d) and (e) Choices (d) and (e) O Choices (a), (b) and (c) O Choices (a) through (e) c. -320 e. +120 mVarrow_forward
- 1 a) What is meant by the ATP currency exchange ratio? Why does the oxidation of mitochondrial FADH2 generate one less ATP than oxidation of mitochondrial NADH? b) If 12 H+ are moved across the inner mitochondrial membrane by NADH oxidation, and each ATP synthesized requires 3 H+ to move through ATP synthase, why are only 3 ATP molecules produced by oxidation of each NADH?arrow_forwardHydrogen ions NADH + H+ Oxidised A Reduced B Oxidised C Electrons XXX NAD+ Reduced A Oxidised B Reduced B Figure 5 Explain what is happening to the electrons and hydrogen ions from carriers A to C. What is happening to the electrons and hydrogens at the end of this stage? State where in the mitochondrion is the electron transport chain situated? Name ONE process that produces NADH + H*? How does the electron transport chain contribute to the production of ATP?arrow_forwardWe are talking about driving glycolysis in reverse in biology. to do that, we need the products. one of the products is pyruvate. i am a little confused on how we go from co2 to pyruvate in the krebs cycle? my teacher said that NADH reduces CO2 to CH2O which i understand but i think it would be C2OH. can you please write co2 --> pyruvate in an flow chart form so i can see each individual step? and what is NADH + CO2 = ? thank youarrow_forward
- In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to(A) substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis.(B) oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration.(C) carbon fixation.(D) reduction of NADP+.arrow_forwardwhich of the following woudl decrease the number of atp molecules generated per nadh molecule in the electron transport chain? a. increasing the energy of the electrons nadh transfer to complex I b. reducing the number of protons required by ATP synthase to produce an ATP moelcule c. having nadh transfer its elections to complex III instead of complex I d. increasing the amount of oxygen available to the cellarrow_forwardThe above product water molecules are generated in which eukaryotic cell compartment?A. the mitochondrial matrix (site of the Krebs cycle)B. the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts (site of photosystems I and II)C. the chloroplast stroma (site of the Calvin cycle)D. the inner mitochondrial membrane (site of electron transport)E. the cytoplasm (site of glycolysis)arrow_forward
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