Describe in detail the structure and function of the electron transport chain. Discuss how the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle act synergistically to produce food for plants.
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Describe in detail the structure and function of the electron transport chain.
Discuss how the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle act synergistically to produce food for plants.
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- What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis? Discuss why (1) Sunlight and water are required for photosynthesis, and (2) Which molecule is reduced, and which is oxidized. Describe in detail the structure and function of the electron transport chain. Discuss how the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle act synergistically to produce food for plants.Describe the flow of electrons through photosystems I and II in the noncyclic electron transport pathway and the products produced. Contrast this flow with cyclic electron transport.ATP energy molecules are synthesized during the oxidative phosphorylation of cellular respiration in mitochondria and the light reaction of photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Using the diagram below as a guide, compare and contrast the mechanisms of ATP synthesis in the two processes.
- Describe the mechanism of energy transfer in the electron transport chainExplain how the transfer of electrons from one electron transport chain complex to the next, yielding energy, is coupled to the pumping of H+ across the membrane. Describe how ATP synthase uses proton motive force to make ATP Describe how NADH transfers electrons to electron transport proteins of the ETS and ultimately to the terminal electron acceptor, such as O₂. Explain how bacteria and archaea fix nitrogen gas into ammonium ion and incorporate nitrogen into biomolecules.ATP is produced by chemiosmosis in photosynthesis". Identify where and how this chemical gradient is formed?how this is driving the ATP synthesis. Mention where the light dependent and light independent reactions of photosynthesis take place along with the functional end product(s) of these two stages. Dark and light reactions of photosynthesis are interconnected, how?
- Compare and contrast the processes of cyclic and non cyclic phosphorylation as follows: 1. Source of electrons (Donor) 2. Final acceptor of electrons 3. Products 4. Pathway of electron flow 5. Photosystems involvedAssume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma but the photosystems and membrane proteins of the electron transport chain are unharmed. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following processes?Explain the following statement: The O2 generated by photosynthesis is simply a by-product of the pathway’s generation of carbohydrates and ATP.
- List the products of linear electron transport and cyclic electron transport, and describe the role of cyclic electron transport.Compare and contrast the energy inputs and outputs of Fermentation & Aerobic Respiration / Oxidativephosphorylation. Explain how lipids and proteins are catabolized and energy harvested thru pathways shared with glucose metabolism. Describe and explain the cellular locations and processes of Energetic Coupling (at least 2 types!) that occur in the Light Reactions and "Dark" Reactions of Photosynthesis.Provide a simplified schematic presentation of how electrons are transported in the mitochondria (electron transport chain) to generate the proton motive force (oxidative phosphorylation) in order to clarify energy production from NADH and FADH2. Clearly indicate the location and direction of electron and proton flow.