Chapter 9.2, Problem 16P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Reason for reaction of alkyl halide with ammonia gives a low yield of primary amine but with azide ion gives a better yield has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

• The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction is a type of reaction mechanism in which one bond is broken and one bond is formed i.e., in one step. ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ is a kind of nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism.
• The nucleophile attacks the back side of the carbon that is attached to the halogen. Therefore it takes an inversion of configuration.
• The configuration of the product is inverted relative to the configuration of the reactant.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products obtained for the given ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

• The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction is a type of reaction mechanism in which one bond is broken and one bond is formed i.e., in one step. ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ is a kind of nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism.
• The nucleophile attacks the back side of the carbon that is attached to the halogen. Therefore it takes an inversion of configuration.
• The configuration of the product is inverted relative to the configuration of the reactant.