Interpretation:
Reason for the compound undergoes
Concept Introduction:
The
The first step of
Frist step is the slow step also rate determining step so the rate of the reaction is depends on the concentration of substrate only.
Nucleophile attacks the both front and back side of carbocation in
Order of the substrate that favored in
Structure of the substrate plays a major role in
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- Bicyclo-2,5-heptadiene can be prepared in two steps from cyclopentadiene and vinyl chloride. Provide a mechanism for each step.arrow_forwardTwo substitution products result from the reaction between 3-chloro-3-methyl-1- butene with sodium acetate (CH3COO – Na +) in acetic acid under SN1. Identify the products.arrow_forwardWhen 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene is treated with HBr alone, the major product is 2-bromo-2,3-dimethylbutane. When the same alkene is treated with HBr and peroxide, the sole product is 1-bromo-3,3-dimethylbutane. Explain these results by referring to the mechanisms.arrow_forward
- Pure (S)-2-bromo-2-fluorobutane reacts with methoxide ion in methanol to give a mixture of (S)-2-fluoro-2-methoxybutane and three fluoroalkenes.(a) Use mechanisms to show which three fluoroalkenes are formedarrow_forwardAcetic anhydride reacts with water in the following manner: CH3C(O)-O-C(O)CH3 + H2O = 2CH3CO2 If this reaction is carried out in an inert solvent with low concentrations of both acetic anhydride and water, it follows the rate law rate = k [CH3C(O)-O-C(O)CH3] [H2O] with a rate constant of 0.0035 s-1. However, if low concentrations of acetic anhydride are placed in pure water, it follows the rate law rate = K [CH3C(O)-O-C(O)CH3] where K = 0.1944 s-1. Explain why this is happening.arrow_forwardWhen the alkyl bromides (listed here) were subjected to hydrolysis in a mixture of ethanol and water (80% EtOH/20% H2O) at 55 °C, the rates of the reaction showed the following order: (CH3)3CBR > CH3Br > CH3CH2Br > (CH3)2CHBR Provide an explanation for this order of reactivity.arrow_forward
- 3-chloro-1-butene reacts with sodium ethoxide in ethanol to produce 3-ethyoxy-1-butene. In the absence of sodium ethoxide, 3-chloro-1-butene reacts with ethanol to produce both 3-ethoxy-1-butene and 1-ethoxy-2-butene. Explain these results. Be sure to include mechanisms and structures in your explanation.arrow_forwardTreatment of 1,3-dichloropropane with potassium cyanide results in the formation of pentanedinitrile. The rate of this reaction is about 1000 times greater in DMSO than in ethanol. Account for this difference in rate. CI + 2 KCN NC + 2 KCI CN 1,3-Dichloropropane Pentanedinitrilearrow_forwardAlkylation of benzene with 1-chlorobutane in the presence of AlCl3 gave not only the expected butylbenzene product but also, as a major product, (1-methylpropyl)benzene. Write an equation for the reaction Propose a mechanism to account for the formation of butylbenzene Propose a mechanism to account for the formation of (1-methylpropyl)benzenearrow_forward
- Diphenylacetylene can be synthesized by the double dehydrohalogenation of 1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethene. The sequence starting from (E)-1,2-diphenylethene consists of bromination to give the dibromide, followed by dehydrohalogenation to give a vinylic bromide, then a second dehydrohalogenation to give diphenylacetylene.(a) What is the structure, including stereochemistry, of the vinylic bromide?(b) If the sequence starts with (Z)-1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethene, what is (are) the structure(s) of the intermediate dibromide(s)? What is the structure of the vinylic bromide?arrow_forwardThe structure below is the cyclic ether (epoxide), butene oxide: (1) CH3CH₂ -CH₂ butene oxide How could this compound be prepared from but-1-ene? Explain why butene oxide is much more reactive than its isomer, tetrahydrofuran, which is also a cyclic ether: H₂C-CH₂ H₂C CH₂ tetrahydrofuran Illustrate how butene oxide reacts with ammonia, showing details of the mechanism leading to the final product, C4H11 NO.arrow_forwardThe reaction of (2S)-2-chloro-3-methylpentane with sodium iodide yields two products: (2R)-2-iodo-3-methylpentane and racemic 3-iodo-2-methylpentane. Account for the formation of each of these two products. For each product, you should show how it is formed and what that tells you about the mechanism of that specific reaction.arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning