Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134765037
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 9, Problem 23BS
There are now nearly 200 recognized breeds of dog, from the affenpinscher to the Yorkshire terrier. But several of these suffer from medical problems due to the inbreeding required to establish the breed. For example, nearly every Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (discussed in the Biology and Society section) suffers from heart murmurs caused by a genetically defective heart valve. Such problems are likely to remain as long as the organizations that oversee dog breeding maintain strict pedigree requirements. Some people are suggesting that every breed be allowed to mix with others to help introduce new gene lines free of the congenital defects. Why do you think the governing societies are resistant to such crossbreed mixing? What would you do if you were in charge of addressing the genetic defects that currently plague some breeds?
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Ch. 9 - The genetic makeup of an organism is called its...Ch. 9 - Which of Mendels laws is represented by each...Ch. 9 - Edward was found to be heterozygous (Ss) for the...Ch. 9 - Whether an allele is dominant or recessive depends...Ch. 9 - Prob. 5SQCh. 9 - Prob. 6SQCh. 9 - Prob. 7SQCh. 9 - Prob. 8SQCh. 9 - Adult height in people is at least partially...Ch. 9 - A purebred brown mouse is repeatedly mated with a...
Ch. 9 - How could you determine the genotype of one of the...Ch. 9 - Tim and Jan have freckles (a dominant trait), but...Ch. 9 - Incomplete dominance is seen in the inheritance of...Ch. 9 - Why was Henry VIII wrong to blame his wives for...Ch. 9 - Both parents of a boy arc phenotypically normal,...Ch. 9 - Heather was surprised to discover that she...Ch. 9 - Prob. 17SQCh. 9 - Prob. 18IMTCh. 9 - Prob. 19IMTCh. 9 - For each pair of your homologous chromosomes, one...Ch. 9 - In 1981, a stray cat with unusual curled-back ears...Ch. 9 - Interpreting Data As shown in the Punnett square...Ch. 9 - There are now nearly 200 recognized breeds of dog,...Ch. 9 - Gregor Mendel never saw a gene, yet he concluded...Ch. 9 - Prob. 25BS
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- While stuck at home in quarantine, several Bi213 students decide to conduct an experiment using their beloved cats. These students learn that a fictional gene "H" correlates with how happy their pets are to have their owners at home more frequently than usual. Cats that are homozygous dominant (HH) or heterozygous (Hh) are very happy to see their owners 24/7. While cats that are homozygous recessive (hh) are starting to miss having the house to themselves. The students collaborate with their professors to genotype the H allele in their cats by sequencing their DNA. They obtain the following data: 8 HH cats, 21 Hh cats, and 84 hh cats. The table below may be helpful. (Observed - Eaреcted)? Σ Еaрected Genotype (О— Е) (0 – E)² (0 – E)²/E Observed Еxpеcted E HH Hh hh x² = %3D df = p = Conduct a chi-square test to determine if this population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Enter your chi-square with 2 decimals in the box below.arrow_forwardour sister breeds Labradors, but is unaware of the genetics of coat color, so she has been mixing and matching various breeding pairs, unable to predict the outcomes. She recently bred two black labs, expecting to get only black lab puppies, but instead, the litter included black, brown, and yellow pups. She is confused, but since you know your genetics, you can explain to her what’s going on. What are the genotypes of these two parents, for both of the genes involved? What are the possible genotypes of the various offspring? (Organize them by phenotype.) Litters of puppies are too small for reliable statistics, but if these two parents had a large number of puppies over time, what are the expected ratios (or fractions or percents) of the three possible coat colors?arrow_forwardTo understand this research, you must be familiar with some basic genetic terminology. Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Not all terms will be used. dominant allele phenotype The possession of two different alleles of a particular gene is referred to as Reset Help A variation in a DNA sequence at one particular position is called a heterozygosity genotype recessive allele homozygosity single nucleotide polymorphism The appearance of the organism, its observable traits, are referred to as the A variant of a gene for which an individual must be homozygous in order for it to influence the appearance of the organism is a The set of alleles an organism has for a particular trait is the organism's Submit Request Answerarrow_forward
- The figures below depict shared chromosomal regions between 2 full-sibling humans (Figure A) and inbreeding localized to chromosomal regions in a dog (Figure B). Despite these figures being described differently for humans and canines, they are based on the same genetic principle. Identify this principle and describe how this principle is used/reflected in the two figures.arrow_forwardA very large population of rabbits has been allowed to breed randomly in a laboratory research program. The rabbits vary in their coat colour, which is either gray or black. After many generations, 25% of the rabbits display a recessive phenotype for gray coat colour (aa), the same percentage as at the beginning of the breeding program. The other 75% of the rabbits show the dominant black coat phenotype, with heterozygotes (Aa) indistinguishable from the homozygous dominants (AA) What is a reasonable conclusion explaining the fact that the frequency of the recessive trait (aa) has not changed over time? a. There has been sexual selection favouring allele a b. The two phenotypes have about equal fitness under laboratory conditions C. The population is undergoing genetic drift d. The genotype AA is lethalarrow_forwardSearch the menus (Alt+/) BI U A 90% Normal text Calibri 11 + ... - 1 | 2. | 3 4 | 5 6 | 7 8 10. Hua wants to breed cats for a cat show competition. She has a purebred long hair cat, named Conchita and she is very angry because it ran away and got pregnant by a purebred short hair cat, named Ali. She says that she will not be able to show the baby cats (called kittens) in the cat competition because they are not going to be purebreds. Is she correct? Create a Punnett Square to show the possibilities that could result from this mating. Alleles and Phenotype All Genotype and Parent Genotypes Punnett Square Phenotype Possibilities Allele Phenotype Genotype Phenotype Dad Mom 3 of 7 a. Conchita's Genotype b. Ali's Genotype c. What is the probability of having a long hair kitten? d. What is the probability of having a short hair kitten? % e. What is the probability for a homozygous dominant? f. Is Hua correct?arrow_forward
- Certainly, not all Muppets look like the one shown in the picture below, nor do they all look the same. In fact, there’s a great deal of phenotypic variation in Muppets. Two traits that have been particularly well-studied are curly hair presences and skin color. One individual is a male, and he possesses a green skin and no hair, whereas the female individual possess a curly hair and pink skin. Let’s call the gene controlling skin coloration S and that controlling hair H. In this species, both hair and green skin are recessive traits. Both of the individuals shown are homozygous. 1. What is the genotypes of Miss Piggy: 2. Kermit's Genotype: 3. If these two lovebirds (er, love-muppets?) mated, what would their offspring look like? Describe all phenotype combinations possible and the ratios in which they would occur?arrow_forwardYou are studying the genetics of a newly discovered small animal. You note that most of the population is black in colour but about 1/4 of them are white. You have determined that there is a gene (B) that produces an enzyme that converts a pigment molecule to produce the Black colour. There are 2 alleles of this gene - the dominant B and the recessive b. DNA analysis shows that black individuals have either a BB or Bb genotype and that white individuals have a bb phenotype. However, after extensive DNA analysis, you have discovered that a small percentage of White individuals have either a BB or Bb genotype. Describe two reasons (at a molecular level) that could explain this apparent anomaly. There wasn't a mistake in analysis! These individuals did have a BB or Bb genotype but a white phenotype.arrow_forwardExamples of codominance include ABO blood type and coat color in cattle. In short horn cattle coat color pattern is determined by two alleles (CR = red; CW = white) that are both equally expressed. CRCW cattle are roan (red and white patches); therefore, both alleles affect the phenotype equally. The ABO system of blood typing exhibits codominance in humans. There are 3 alleles for the gene that determine ABO blood type (IA and IB are codominant alleles; allelei is recessive to alleles IA and IB). IAIA and I^i are type A; I®I® and IPi are type B; I^IB is type AB; ii is type O Practice Problem 4: 4a. If a man with blood type O marries a woman that is blood type AB, what are the predicted genotypes and phenotypes of their children? 4b. If a man with blood type A (I^i) marries a woman with blood type AB, what are the predicted genotypes and phenotypes of their children?arrow_forward
- Albinism is a recessive trait in humans. A geneticist studies families in which both parents are normal and at least one child has albinism. The geneticist reasons that both parents in these families must be heterozygous and the albinism should appear in 1⁄4 of the children of these families. To his surprise, the geneticist finds the frequency of albinism trait is quite high. As a consultant, can you suggest an explanation for the higher expected frequency of albinisms in these families?arrow_forwardA planet is inhabited by creatures that reproduce with the same hereditary patterns seen in humans. Three phenotypic characters are height (T = tall, t = dwarf), head appendages (A = antennae, a = no antennae), and nose morphology (S = upturned snout, s = downturned snout). Since the creatures are not “intelligent,” Earth scientists are able to do some controlled breeding experiments using various heterozygotes in testcrosses. For tall heterozygotes with antennae, the offspring are tall antennae, 46; dwarf antennae, 7; dwarf no antennae, 42; tall no antennae, 5. For heterozygotes with antennae and an upturned snout, the offspring are antennae upturned snout, 47; antennae downturned snout, 2; no antennae downturned snout, 48; no antennae upturned snout, 3. Calculate the recombination frequencies for both experiments.arrow_forwardWhat is meant by the term ‘breed’? What are the objectives of animalbreeding?arrow_forward
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Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY