Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 9, Problem 20QP
Indicate in which category, transcription or translation, each of the following functions belongs: RNA poly-merase, ribosomes,
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Describe the process of translating mRNA into proteins. Be sure to also include the following key terms: tRNA, ribosomes, codon, base pairs, cytoplasm, amino acids.
At least three types of RNA are required for protein synthesis. Compare and contrast mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA by moving the
descriptions of their structure and function to the appropriate categories. Some phrases may describe all three types of RNA.
mRNA
in eukaryotes, can exist outside the nucleus
acts as an enzyme for peptide synthesis
composed of ribonucleic acid
rRNA
Answer Bank
moves amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
tRNA
contains nucleotide triplets that code for specific amino acids
has a convoluted structure with a three-base sequence called an anticodon
moves genetic information out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm
mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA
Which is NOT a true difference between messenger RNA and DNA? (i.e., which of the following statements is false?)
DNA remains in the nucleus (except when the nuclear envelope breaks down during mitosis), whereas mRNA is never in the nucleus; it is always in the cytoplasm.
A DNA molecule has a longer life span than a typical molecule of RNA.
DNA has thousands of genes; mRNA is usually a copy of just one gene.
DNA has thousands of genes; mRNA is usually a copy of just one gene.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 9.6 - Antibiotics and Protein Synthesis Antibiotics are...Ch. 9.6 - Antibiotics and Protein Synthesis Antibiotics are...Ch. 9 - There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease...Ch. 9 - There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease...Ch. 9 - There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease...Ch. 9 - The Link Between Genes and proteins The genetic...Ch. 9 - Define replication, transcription, and...Ch. 9 - If the genetic code used 4 bases at a time, how...Ch. 9 - If the genetic code uses triplets, how many...Ch. 9 - What is the start codon? What are the stop codons?...
Ch. 9 - Is an entire chromosome made into an mRNA during...Ch. 9 - The promoter and terminator regions of genes are...Ch. 9 - The following segment of DNA codes for a protein....Ch. 9 - What are the three modifications made to pre-mRNA...Ch. 9 - The pre-mRNA transcript and protein made by...Ch. 9 - Briefly describe the function of the following in...Ch. 9 - Prob. 12QPCh. 9 - Determine the percent of the following gene that...Ch. 9 - How many kilobases of the DNA strand below will...Ch. 9 - Prob. 15QPCh. 9 - Given the following tRNA anticodon sequence,...Ch. 9 - Given the following mRNA, write the...Ch. 9 - The following is a portion of a protein:...Ch. 9 - Below is the structure of glycine. Draw a...Ch. 9 - Indicate in which category, transcription or...Ch. 9 - Prob. 21QPCh. 9 - Polypeptide folding is often mediated by other...Ch. 9 - Do mutations in DNA alter proteins all the time?Ch. 9 - a. Can a mutation change a proteins tertiary...
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- Transcribe the following DNA strand into mRNA and translate that strand into a polypeptide chain, identifying the codons, anticodons, and amino acid sequence. DNA: C G A T A C A A T G G A C C C G G T A T G C G A T A T C C mRNA: G C U A U G U U A C C U G G G C C A U A C G C U A U A G G Codon: Anitcodon: Amino Acids:arrow_forwardExplain the process of translation, including location, processes, and molecules involved.arrow_forwarddescribe the process of reading a gene and turning it into a protein in a eukaryote.Your first paragraph should summarize transcription and your second paragraph should summarize translation. USE THE FOLLOWING 12 TERMS IN YOUR DECRIPTION: transcription, messenger RNA (mRNA), RNA polymerase, nucleus, ribosome, RNA splicing, exon, intron, translation, cytoplasm, transfer RNA (tRNA), codon.arrow_forward
- Starting from the mRNA that is produced and released into the cytosol, describe in detail how the protein is translated and where this occurs. Protein: Beta Hexoaminidase Final Location in the cell: Lysosomearrow_forwardDraw and label the different steps, including the DNA, RNA’s, the enzymes involved, in translation and transcription leading to the synthesis of the polypeptide: M-A-N-A-N-D-G-E-N-Earrow_forwardIn protein synthesis, DNA transcription records the genetic message, while ribosomal ______________ interprets the message. ________________ carries the genetic code to the ribosomes to facilitate protein/amino acid synthesis. The genetic message to make a specific amino acid in a protein, is carried by a specific three nucleotide unit on the messenger RNA called a During transcription, the nitrogen base adenine on the DNA bonds with the nitrogen base ______________ on the messenger RNA. The enzyme __________________ unwinds the DNA double helix in DNA transcription.arrow_forward
- Which of the following describes the sequence of events that occur during protein synthesis? tRNA enters nucleus --> transcription begins --> MRNA moves to cytoplasm > protein synthesis begins splicing of introns --> transcription --> MRNA synthesis translation --> transcription --> splicing of primary MRNA transcript --> translocation of MRNA --> translation translation --> transcription --> MRNA synthesis transcription --> translation --> MRNA productionarrow_forwardDescribe the process of translation, focusing on the role of mRNA, ribosomes, ribosome-binding sites, rRNAs, tRNAs, and codons.arrow_forwardDescribe the mRNA journey through the cell after the nucleus has given the instructions. Describe how each organelle affects the mRNA journey as it travel through the cell and, ultimately, through the cell membrane. Organelles you should mention include the nucleus, nuclear membrane, nucleolus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm, Golgi body, and plasma/cell membrane.arrow_forward
- Indicate which of the following items are associated with transcription or translation. This could be in prokaryotes or eukaryotes, or both. Group of answer choices: Translation OR Transcription Sigma binds to the promoter mRNA binds to the small ribosomal subunit Spliceosomes remove introns and splice together exons Nucleotides are added from the 5' to 3' end tRNA anticodon binds to the corresponding mRNA codon STOP codon results in terminationarrow_forwardSelect all TRUE statements related to the process of transcription. More than one answer is possible. The enzyme helicase separates the complimentary base pairs that hold double-stranded DNA together. MRNA is formed by joining ribonucleotides that pair with the template strand of DNA MRNA is formed by joining ribonucleotides that pair with the coding strand of DNA exons are removed from MRNA. Okazaki fragments form on the lagging strand. introns are removed from mRNA. The enzyme DNA gyrase encompasses both strands of DNA and uncoils the helix of double-stranded DNA. transcription is the process by which MRNA codons are translated to proteins. MRNA formed will be complimentary to the coding strand. DNA is unwound to expose the targeted genearrow_forwardOccurring in the nucleus ribosome mitochondrion , translation transcription is the process of making an RNA copy from a DNA template. The molecule then enters the cytoplasm. The process in which the mRNA sequence is converted into a sequence of amino acids is called translation transcription . In the cytoplasm, the nucleus ribosome mitochondrion reads the amino acid sequence and assembles the protein.arrow_forward
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