How will the electrochemical proton gradient change in response to DNP?     B. How will it change in response to valinomycin?

Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are important regulatory mechanisms. Protein kinases attach phosphoryl groups to target proteins, while only a phosphatase removes the phosphoryl group. What does this method of covalent control cost in terms of energy?

What are some of the interactions made between ATP and the kinase? Can you please describe bonds that the protein makes with (a) the phosphate groups, (b) the sugar, and (c) the adenine base? Please don't just copy answers from google.. I already read most of em.. :(

When the Cu2+ concentration is 1.01 M, the observed cell potential at 298K for an electrochemical cell with the following reaction is 1.138V. What is the Cr3+ concentration? 3Cu2(aq) + 2Cr(s) 3Cu(s) + 2Cr3+(aq) Answer: M

The cell membrane has ion channels that can exist in two states, open or closed. When they are open, they let Na+ ions through. The energy of the open state is 4*10^-20 J. higher than the state of the closed channel. a. What proportion of the ion channels are open at a temperature of 20 C? b. How high should the temperature be so that 75% of the channels are open?

Intestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the Na*-glucose symporter. Recall that the Na+ concentration is significantly higher outside the cell than inside the cell. The symporter couples the "downhill" transport of two Na+ ions into the cell to the "uphill" transport of glucose into the cell. If the Na+ concentration outside the cell ([Na* lout) is 147 mM and that inside the cell ([Na+]in) is 17.0 mM, and the cell potential is -54.0 mV (inside negative), calculate the maximum energy available for pumping a mole of glucose into the cell. Assume the temperature is 37 °C. AG gluc kJ mol What is the maximum ratio of [glucose]in to [glucose] out that could theoretically be produced if the energy coupling were 100% efficient? 1.13 2.3 × 10-4 8.36 4300

Each proton that moves across the membrane releases about 14 kJ/mol of energy. Given that ATP requires 30.5 kJ/mol of energy to form, how many protons cross the membrane per ATP synthesized?  (Hint: can you have half a proton?)