Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 8.2CR
Explain the meaning of each component in the equation for the change in free energy of a spontaneous
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Enzymes are biological catalysts that fulfill the following general reaction
mechanism:
E+S [ES] [EP] E + P
Where E is enzyme, S is substrate, and P is product.
Briefly describe how an enzyme is able to speed of the rate of a reaction:
Define potential energy and kinetic energy and provide two specific examples of each. Explain how one form of energy can be converted into another. Will some energy be lost during this conversion? If so, what form will it take?
Exergonic reactions such as the breakdown of ATP, are said to be “spontaneous.” However, by themselves, even exergonic reactions often proceed very slowly. What part of the curve helps to explain this?
WHICH LETTER REPRESENTS IT? Thank you !(:
Chapter 8 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 8.1 - Describe the forms of energy found in an apple as...Ch. 8.1 - WHAT IF? If you place a teaspoon of sugar in the...Ch. 8.2 - Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen,...Ch. 8.2 - VISUAL SKILLS How would the processes of...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 8.3 - How does ATP typically transfer energy from an...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 8.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Does Figure 8.11a show passive...Ch. 8.4 - Many spontaneous reactions occur very slowly. Why...
Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 8.4 - WHAT IF? Malonate is an inhibitor of the enzyme...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 8.5 - How do an activator and an inhibitor have...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 8 - Explain how the highly ordered structure of a cell...Ch. 8 - Explain the meaning of each component in the...Ch. 8 - Describe the ATP cycle: How is ATP used and...Ch. 8 - How do both activation energy barriers and enzymes...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.5CRCh. 8 - Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 8 - Which of the following metabolic processes can...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 8 - Some bacteria art metabolically active in hot...Ch. 8 - If an enzyme is added to a solution where its...Ch. 8 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 8 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Some people argue that...Ch. 8 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 8 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ENERGY AND MATTER Life...Ch. 8 - Prob. 11TYU
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- What is the net change in energy in the reaction shown (decrease, increase, or little change in energy) ? Is it spontaneous?arrow_forwardDetermine the direction that each of the reactions will progress. Assume that the reactants and products are present in equimolar amounts. The standard free energy of hydrolysis of ATP is - 30.5 kJ/mol. fructose + ATP fructose 6-phosphate + ADP The standard free energy of hydrolysis for fructose 6-phosphate is -15.9 kJ/mol. 3-phosphoglycerate + ATP 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP The standard free energy of hydrolysis for 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is -49.3 kJ/mol. creatine + ATP creatine phosphate + ADP The standard free energy of hydrolysis for creatine phosphate is -43.0 kJ/mol.arrow_forwardOf the three thermodynamic quantities, enthalpy, free energy, and entropy, which provides the most useful indicator of spontaneity in a reaction? Explain.arrow_forward
- Given this reaction productarrow_forwardWhat is the most common form of kinetic energy that is released from chemical energy in chemical reactions?arrow_forwardLabel the following statements true or false: (c) A nonspontaneous reaction will proceed spontaneously in the reverse direction. (d) A spontaneous process can occur with a large decrease in entropy.arrow_forward
- Match each component of the reaction in the figure with the corresponding relative energy level.arrow_forwardDraw a Gibbs free energy plot for a spontaneous reaction, and then draw how enzymes affect this plotarrow_forwardConsider the equation light energy + CO2 + h2O → sugars + O2 + heat energy. Would you expect this reaction to occur in a single step? Why must heat be generated in the reaction? explain your answers.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements are true for BOTH the "transition state" and an "intermediate" of reaction? (This is a multi-select question, select all that apply.). Both are only observed in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Both can be converted to product(s) or might decompose back to the reactant(s). Neither are part of the "net equation" for the reaction. Both contain covalent bonds are in the process of breaking and/or forming. Both are part of every chemical reaction. (i.e. the mechanisms of all chemical reactions, whether enzyme catalyzed or not, will have involve both a transition state and an intermediate).arrow_forwardwhat is free Gibbs energy and write the expression of free energy change. Define the exergonic and endergonic processes.arrow_forwardList three effects of macromolecular crowding on the properties of enzymes and the reactions they catalyze.arrow_forward
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