Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 8, Problem 21RA
Summary Introduction
To review:
The pathways through which the basal nuclei and cerebellum control the motor activity.
Introduction:
The basal nuclei are the structures of the cerebrum that contain neurons involved in the control of skeletal muscles. The thalamus acts as a relay center between the motor cerebral cortex and other brain regions. Basal nuclei are grey masses of matter located inside the white matter of cerebrum.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 8 - Prob. 1CPCh. 8 - Describe the embryonic origin of the brain...Ch. 8 - Prob. 3aCPCh. 8 - Describe the locations and functions of the basal...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4aCPCh. 8 - Prob. 4bCPCh. 8 - Prob. 5CPCh. 8 - Prob. 6CPCh. 8 - Prob. 7aCPCh. 8 - Prob. 7bCP
Ch. 8 - Prob. 8aCPCh. 8 - Prob. 8bCPCh. 8 - Prob. 9CPCh. 8 - Prob. 10CPCh. 8 - Prob. 11aCPCh. 8 - List the tracts of the extrapyramidal system and...Ch. 8 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 8 - Prob. 12bCPCh. 8 - Prob. 1RACh. 8 - Prob. 2RACh. 8 - Prob. 3RACh. 8 - Prob. 4RACh. 8 - Prob. 5RACh. 8 - Prob. 6RACh. 8 - Prob. 7RACh. 8 - Prob. 8RACh. 8 - Prob. 9RACh. 8 - Prob. 10RACh. 8 - Prob. 11RACh. 8 - Prob. 12RACh. 8 - Prob. 13RACh. 8 - Prob. 14RACh. 8 - Prob. 15RACh. 8 - Prob. 16RACh. 8 - Prob. 17RACh. 8 - The thalamus has been described as a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 19RACh. 8 - Prob. 20RACh. 8 - Prob. 21RACh. 8 - Prob. 22RACh. 8 - Prob. 23RACh. 8 - Prob. 24RACh. 8 - State two reasons why researchers distinguish...Ch. 8 - Describe evidence showing that the hippocampus is...Ch. 8 - Prob. 27RACh. 8 - Prob. 28RACh. 8 - Prob. 29RACh. 8 - Recent studies suggest that medial temporal lobe...Ch. 8 - Much has been made (particularly by left-handers)...Ch. 8 - Prob. 32RACh. 8 - Prob. 33RACh. 8 - Neurologists have noticed that patients with...Ch. 8 - Prob. 35RACh. 8 - Prob. 36RACh. 8 - Table 7.3 (chapter 7) provides the axon diameters...Ch. 8 - Prob. 38RACh. 8 - Prob. 39RACh. 8 - Table 7.3 (chapter 7) provides the axon diameters...
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- Sort the structures that the action potential would pass through after being generated by the first order sensory neuron. Drag and drop options into correct order and submit. thalamus anterior ramus of spinal nerve posterior root and rootlets somatosensory cortex of the cerebrum posterior funiculus brainstem brachial plexus posterior grey horn ||| ||| = ||| = ||| = ||| = ||| ||| ||| =arrow_forwardCompare and contrast the direct and indirect motor pathways.arrow_forwardDefine the term primary motor cortex?arrow_forward
- Starting with the frontal lobe, trace every neuron in a voluntary somatic motor action such as kicking a ball (contracting the quadriceps) or throwing a ball (contracting the triceps).arrow_forwardParkinson's disease affects the cerebral basal ganglia, resulting in tremors in limbs, slowness in beginning and completing movements, and other abnormalities of muscle control. Explain what the root cause of Parkinson's disease is (where, what is happening and what symptoms are seen). A treatment option is Dopamine, that usually fails. Propose a reason why this treatment fails. Propose a biomedical device intervention that you could use to control symptoms and how it works.arrow_forwardIdentify the CNS components that form the somatic motor pathways.arrow_forward
- Lower motor neuron lesions cause all the following, except :-a- decreased number of transmitter receptors in the denervated muscleb- atrophy of the denervated musclec- flaccid paralysis of the denervated muscled- loss of flexion withdrawal reflexarrow_forwardInjury to the extra pyramidal motor system does not cause paralysis of voluntary movement and general spasticity. Explain why and discuss the major motor symptoms observed in extra pyramidal motor disorders.arrow_forwardDefine the term supplementary motor cortex?arrow_forward
- Define the term gamma motor neurons?arrow_forwardWhat structural features of the primary motor cortex somatotopic map reflect the general principle of physiology that structure is a determinantand has coevolved function?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements best describes the axonal projection patterns of upper motoneurons located in the primary motor cortex? Upper motoneurons located in the primary motor cortex are cholinergic and their axons project directly to muscle fibres to control voluntary muscle movements. Upper motoneurons located in the primary motor cortex are glutamatergic and their axons project to the thalamus, brain stem and directly to muscle fibres to control voluntary muscle movements. Upper motoneurons located in the primary motor cortex project to the spinal cord where they synapse with cholinergic lower motoneurons that control voluntary muscle movements. Upper motoneurons located in the primary motor cortex project to neurons in the cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem that in turn contact lower motoneurons in the spinal cord to control voluntary muscle movements.arrow_forward
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