Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 7.1, Problem 3R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The reason due to which the signaling is specific.
Introduction:
The process, through which the cells communicate and govern the basic cellular activities is called cell signaling. It helps in the process of tissue repair, development, maintenance of homeostasis, and immunity. It is the ability of the cells to perceive and respond to their surrounding, which is the foundation of the development, repair of the tissue, immunity, and also homeostasis.
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The step(s) involved in cell signaling are:
Signaling cell synthesizes and secretes a
signaling molecule
The signaling molecule binds to a receptor
of the target cell
O
Extracellular signal is converted into
O intracellular signal followed by the
response
All of the above
A cell within organ A expresses a protein that is
secreted from the cell and travels through the organism’s blood stream to a cell on a distant organ B. The protein binds to a receptor protein on the cell surface of organ B and activates an intracellular signaling pathway resulting in altered gene expression patterns in the cells. What form of intercellular signaling does this represent? Contact-dependent? Paracrine? Synaptic? Endocrine? Autocrine?
Which of the following may occur as a result of cross-talk? (Select ALL correct answers)
O A cell may have a stronger response to a ligand than usual
A cell may have a weaker response to a ligand than usual
A signaling pathway may branch, leading to two responses
The ligand may be blocked from activating the receptor
000
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Life: The Science of Biology
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- Which of the following statements about cell signaling is true? Only cells in direct contact can signal each other. Many different cell types may respond to a single type of signaling molecule. Cell signaling is limited to eukaryotic species. A single receptor type can bind and respond to a wide variety of different hormones.arrow_forwardA cell expresses a transmembrane protein that is cleaved at the plasma membrane to release an extracellular fragment. The fragment binds to receptor proteins on nearby cells and activates signaling pathways resulting in altered gene expression patterns in the cells. What form of intercellular signaling does this represent? Contact-dependent? Paracrine? Synaptic? Endocrine? Autocrine?arrow_forwardIf a cell wants to directly affect transcription of genes by utilizing cell signaling which of the following molecules would a cell use in order to do this? O polar / charged signaling molecules steroid signaling molecules O protein signaling molecules O large hydrophilic signaling moleculesarrow_forward
- How is the response to a signal regulated? Why is it often specific? Expain step by step in simple words please.arrow_forwardWhich is true about signaling receptors? They are transmembrane proteins that have binding sites for extracellular activated proteinsto effect changes inside the cell. They are transmembrane proteins that have binding sites for extracellular DNA-binding proteins to effect changes inside the cell. They are transmembrane proteins that have binding sites for extracellular enzyme effectors to effect changes inside the cell. They are transmembrane proteins that have binding sites for extracellular messengers to effect changes inside the cell.arrow_forwardSignaling within organisms can occur using action potentials (short-term signaling) and/or hormones (long-term signaling). Identify situations where each type of signaling would be better. Describe why having a long-term signaling system is beneficial to organisms (2-3 sentences).arrow_forward
- Why is the lifetime of second messengers so crucial to signaling efficiency? Example: Genetically engineering a second messenger by increasing its lifetime would decrease the efficiency of its signal in a cell's signaling system.arrow_forwardFrom the perspective of the cell receiving the message, the three stages of cell signaling are o the paracrine, local, and synaptic stages. signal reception, signal transduction, and cellular response. Osignal reception, nucleus disintegration, and new cell generation. the alpha, beta, and gamma stages. Gap 1, S, Gap 2.arrow_forwardWhich of the following could result in the continuous activation of a cell signalling pathway? A mutation resulting in the inactivation of a protein phosphatase. A mutation resulting in the inactivation of adenylyl cyclase that forms cAMP. A mutation resulting in a receptor tyrosine kinase being unable to form a dimer. A mutation resulting in a ligand gated ion channel being unable to open.arrow_forward
- When signals bind to the protein receptors, it depends if the receptor is found on the nuclear or cell membrane. genes are turned on or off. gates open up and then there is a cellular response, such as an action potential. the receptor changes its shape in order to bind the signal and to function.arrow_forwardSelect the correct order of signal transduction / cell communication / cell signaling. Reception - Response - Amplification Amplification - Reception - Response Response - Reception - Amplification Reception - Amplification - Responsearrow_forwardWhen a signaling molecule binds to a receptor located in the cell membrane, the signal / information is carried further into the cell via the receptor. The signal / information will lead to some type of change inside in cells in response to the signal it received. What this change is depends on the type of signaling molecule that binds to the cell (but may also depend on the type of cell that the signaling molecule binds to). In some cases, the change that takes place in the cell will be rapid and take a few seconds off that the signaling molecule binds to the receptor until the change takes place (fast signaling pathway). In some cases the change will take much longer, perhaps several hours from the time the signaling molecule binds to the receptor until the change occurs in the cell (slow signaling pathway). Explain how the signal path would be be able to look when it is fast and what it could look like when it is slow.arrow_forward
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Intro to Cell Signaling; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dbRterutHY;License: Standard youtube license