When the pressure is increased identify whether more products or more reactants is formed for the given reaction Concept Introduction: Enthalpy ( H ) : It is the total amount of heat in a particular system. If the value obtained for ΔH in a reaction is positive then it is an endothermic reaction whereas the value obtained for ΔH is negative it is an exothermic reaction. Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change. Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria: Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favoring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants. Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat. Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium. In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium. If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.61AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When the pressure is increased identify whether more products or more reactants is formed for the given reaction

Concept Introduction:

Enthalpy (H): It is the total amount of heat in a particular system.

If the value obtained for ΔH in a reaction is positive then it is an endothermic reaction whereas the value obtained for ΔH is negative it is an exothermic reaction.

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favoring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When the pressure is increased identify whether more products or more reactants is formed for the given reaction

Concept Introduction:

Enthalpy (H): It is the total amount of heat in a particular system.

If the value obtained for ΔH in a reaction is positive then it is an endothermic reaction whereas the value obtained for ΔH is negative it is an exothermic reaction.

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favoring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When the pressure is increased identify whether more products or more reactants is formed for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Enthalpy (H): It is the total amount of heat in a particular system.

If the value obtained for ΔH in a reaction is positive then it is an endothermic reaction whereas the value obtained for ΔH is negative it is an exothermic reaction.

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favoring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

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For the following first-order liquid-phase reversible reaction, where initially only reactant A is present: k₁ AR, k2 Equilibrium constant: K 1) Express the equilibrium conversion rate, Xe, using K, and demonstrate that Xe can be determined using thermodynamic data. 2) Show how the rate constants kl and k2 can be determined experimentally.

a) The equilibrium reaction for the aqueous dissociation of acetic acid is shown below. CH3COOH(aq) = CH3COO-(aq) + H+ (aq) Given the data in the table below and your knowledge of the "chemical standard state" (X) and the “biochemical standard state” (Xº'), answer parts a) to e). c) For the dissociation of acetic acid at 298.15 K, calculate AG and the corresponding pK₁. b) Even though by definition, AfG©(H+ (aq)) = 0 and_AƒGº¹(H+(aq)) = 0, these are different physical quantities. What precisely does each represent? Calculate at 298.15 K, AG' for CH3COOH(aq) and CH3COO¯(aq). Gibbs free energy of formation, in units of kJ mol-¹, at T = 298.15 K AfGe A¢G° -396.5 -369.3 0 CH3COOH(aq) CH3COO- (aq) H+ (aq) d) For the dissociation of acetic acid at 298.15 K, calculate ArGº¹. LOXF 0 Finally, using the formula to convert between standard states, show that that your calculated values of AG and A.Gº are in agreement. jonly this

With the standard reduction potentials given, standard reduction 1 = -0.185 standard reduction 2 = -0.320 a) Which reduction will the electrons flow FROM the electron donor? b) Which reduction is the electron acceptor where the electrons will flow to?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.61AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When the pressure is increased identify whether more products or more reactants is formed for the given reaction

Concept Introduction:

Enthalpy (H): It is the total amount of heat in a particular system.

If the value obtained for ΔH in a reaction is positive then it is an endothermic reaction whereas the value obtained for ΔH is negative it is an exothermic reaction.

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favoring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When the pressure is increased identify whether more products or more reactants is formed for the given reaction

Concept Introduction:

Enthalpy (H): It is the total amount of heat in a particular system.

If the value obtained for ΔH in a reaction is positive then it is an endothermic reaction whereas the value obtained for ΔH is negative it is an exothermic reaction.

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favoring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When the pressure is increased identify whether more products or more reactants is formed for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Enthalpy (H): It is the total amount of heat in a particular system.

If the value obtained for ΔH in a reaction is positive then it is an endothermic reaction whereas the value obtained for ΔH is negative it is an exothermic reaction.

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favoring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.61AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When the pressure is increased identify whether more products or more reactants is formed for the given reaction

Concept Introduction:

Enthalpy (H): It is the total amount of heat in a particular system.

If the value obtained for ΔH in a reaction is positive then it is an endothermic reaction whereas the value obtained for ΔH is negative it is an exothermic reaction.

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favoring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When the pressure is increased identify whether more products or more reactants is formed for the given reaction

Concept Introduction:

Enthalpy (H): It is the total amount of heat in a particular system.

If the value obtained for ΔH in a reaction is positive then it is an endothermic reaction whereas the value obtained for ΔH is negative it is an exothermic reaction.

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favoring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When the pressure is increased identify whether more products or more reactants is formed for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Enthalpy (H): It is the total amount of heat in a particular system.

If the value obtained for ΔH in a reaction is positive then it is an endothermic reaction whereas the value obtained for ΔH is negative it is an exothermic reaction.

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favoring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.61AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When the pressure is increased identify whether more products or more reactants is formed for the given reaction

Concept Introduction:

Enthalpy (H): It is the total amount of heat in a particular system.

If the value obtained for ΔH in a reaction is positive then it is an endothermic reaction whereas the value obtained for ΔH is negative it is an exothermic reaction.

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favoring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When the pressure is increased identify whether more products or more reactants is formed for the given reaction

Concept Introduction:

Enthalpy (H): It is the total amount of heat in a particular system.

If the value obtained for ΔH in a reaction is positive then it is an endothermic reaction whereas the value obtained for ΔH is negative it is an exothermic reaction.

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favoring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When the pressure is increased identify whether more products or more reactants is formed for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Enthalpy (H): It is the total amount of heat in a particular system.

If the value obtained for ΔH in a reaction is positive then it is an endothermic reaction whereas the value obtained for ΔH is negative it is an exothermic reaction.

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favoring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 5

Chapter 7, Problem 7.61AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When the pressure is increased identify whether more products or more reactants is formed for the given reaction

Concept Introduction:

Enthalpy (H): It is the total amount of heat in a particular system.

If the value obtained for ΔH in a reaction is positive then it is an endothermic reaction whereas the value obtained for ΔH is negative it is an exothermic reaction.

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favoring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When the pressure is increased identify whether more products or more reactants is formed for the given reaction

Concept Introduction:

Enthalpy (H): It is the total amount of heat in a particular system.

If the value obtained for ΔH in a reaction is positive then it is an endothermic reaction whereas the value obtained for ΔH is negative it is an exothermic reaction.

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favoring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When the pressure is increased identify whether more products or more reactants is formed for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Enthalpy (H): It is the total amount of heat in a particular system.

If the value obtained for ΔH in a reaction is positive then it is an endothermic reaction whereas the value obtained for ΔH is negative it is an exothermic reaction.

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favoring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

Answer 6

Chapter 7, Problem 7.61AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When the pressure is increased identify whether more products or more reactants is formed for the given reaction

Concept Introduction:

Enthalpy (H): It is the total amount of heat in a particular system.

If the value obtained for ΔH in a reaction is positive then it is an endothermic reaction whereas the value obtained for ΔH is negative it is an exothermic reaction.

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favoring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

Answer 7

Chapter 7, Problem 7.61AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When the pressure is increased identify whether more products or more reactants is formed for the given reaction

Concept Introduction:

Enthalpy (H): It is the total amount of heat in a particular system.

If the value obtained for ΔH in a reaction is positive then it is an endothermic reaction whereas the value obtained for ΔH is negative it is an exothermic reaction.

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favoring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When the pressure is increased identify whether more products or more reactants is formed for the given reaction

Concept Introduction:

Enthalpy (H): It is the total amount of heat in a particular system.

If the value obtained for ΔH in a reaction is positive then it is an endothermic reaction whereas the value obtained for ΔH is negative it is an exothermic reaction.

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favoring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When the pressure is increased identify whether more products or more reactants is formed for the given reaction

Concept Introduction:

Enthalpy (H): It is the total amount of heat in a particular system.

If the value obtained for ΔH in a reaction is positive then it is an endothermic reaction whereas the value obtained for ΔH is negative it is an exothermic reaction.

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favoring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When the pressure is increased identify whether more products or more reactants is formed for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Enthalpy (H): It is the total amount of heat in a particular system.

If the value obtained for ΔH in a reaction is positive then it is an endothermic reaction whereas the value obtained for ΔH is negative it is an exothermic reaction.

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favoring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When the pressure is increased identify whether more products or more reactants is formed for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Enthalpy (H): It is the total amount of heat in a particular system.

If the value obtained for ΔH in a reaction is positive then it is an endothermic reaction whereas the value obtained for ΔH is negative it is an exothermic reaction.

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favoring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

Answer 12

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 13

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 7.1 - Classify each of the following as having potential...Ch. 7.2 - Based on bond energies, which atmospheric gas in...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 7.1CIAP Ch. 7.3 - How many Calories (i.e., kilocalories) are in a...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 7.3P Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 7.4P Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 7.5P Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 7.6P Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 7.7P Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 7.8KCP

Solution Summary: The author explains Le Chatelier's principle: if an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

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Chapter 7 Solutions